Nedam 0L Islam

Bmjvgx Rxeb e¨e¯’v

(wbhvg Dj Bmjvg)

kvqL ZvKxDwÏb Avb-bvevnvbx

wnheyZ Zvnixi

g~j Aviex †_‡K evsjv Abyev`

cÖ_g WªvdU, RyjvB 2007

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

wek¦v‡mi (Cgv‡bi) c_

(ZvwiK Avj Cgvb )

gvby‡li c~bR©vMiY (Bqvbnv`y) nq gvbeRvwZ, Rxeb Ges gnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© Zvi mvwe©K wPš—vaviYvi wfwˇZ| A_©vr G Rxe‡bi c~‡e© wK wQj, cieZ©x‡Z wK Av‡Q Ges eZ©gvb Rxe‡bi mv‡_ c~‡e© wK wQj I c‡i wK Av‡Q Zvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© m¤^‡Ü mvwe©K wPš—v fvebvÕi Dci wfwË K‡iB gvby‡mi c~bR©vMiY nq (Bqvbnv`y)| Kv‡RB gvby‡li Rxe‡bi mwVK cÖMwZi Rb¨ mvgwMÖK I †gŠwjKfv‡e Zvi eZ©gvb wPš—v-aviYv‡K cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb wPš—v-aviYvi Rb¥ †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| KviY GB wPš—v-aviYvB (wdKi)  gvbyl‡K †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© A_©en avibv †`q I Zv msnZ K‡i| G A_©en `„wóf½xi (gvdvwng) wfwˇZB gvby‡li AvPvi AvPiY (myjyK) M‡o D‡V I weKwkZ nq| Kv‡RB cQ‡›`i †Kvb gvby‡li cÖwZ GKai‡Yi `„wóf½x (gvdvwng) _v‡K Ges †mB aviYvÕi wfwˇZB Zvi cÖwZ we‡kl AvPiY ev Awfe¨w³ (myjyK) cÖKvwkZ nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e hv‡K AcQ›` Kiv nq wKsev hvi cÖwZ we‡Ølc~Y© aviYv _v‡K Zvi cÖwZ Gi wVK wecixZag©x AvPiY cwijw¶Z nq| Avevi †h gvbylwU m¤ú‡K© †Kvb aviYvB †bB Zvi cÖwZ AvPiYI GK`g wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB gvby‡li AvPiY gvby‡li wPš—v-aviYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| d‡j hLb Avgiv †Kvb AatcwZZ gvby‡li AvPiY‡K cwieZ©b I cwiï× Ki‡Z PvB ZLb cÖ_‡gB Zvi wPš—v-aviYv cwieZ©b Kiv Avek¨K| Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv cweÎ KziAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,

ÒwbðqB Avj­vn †Kvb RvwZi Ae¯’v cwieZ©b K‡ib bv hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zviv wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’v cwieZ©b K‡i|Ó (myiv ivÕ`: AvqvZ 11)

gvby‡li we‡kl aviYv ev `„wóf½x (gvdvwng) cwieZ©b Kivi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡”Q Zvi gv‡S Rxeb m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv m¤^wjZ wPš—vÕi (wdKi) D‡b¥l NUv‡bv| gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦, GRxe‡bi c~‡e© wK wQj ev c‡i wK Av‡Q, Ges G‡`i ga¨w¯’Z m¤úK© m¤^‡Ü mwVK aviYvi D‡b¥l NUv‡bv bv ch©š—  Rxeb m¤ú‡K© djcÖmy I mymsnZ †Kvb aviYvÕi m„wó nqbv| gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© GKwU cwic~Y© I †evaMg¨ aviYvi (Avj wdKivn Avj Kzwj­q¨vn) wfwˇZB GwU AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| KviY GwUB n‡”Q gvby‡li eyw×e„wËK wfwË (Avj KvC`v Avj wdKwiq¨vn) hvi Dci wfwË K‡i Rxeb m¤úwK©Z mKj aviYv I gZvgZ M‡o D‡V| Kv‡RB G welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GKwU cwic~Y© I †evaMg¨ wPš—v-aviYvi (wdKivn)  AeZviYv Ki‡jB gvby‡li me‡P‡q eo mgm¨vwUi mgvavb n‡e| Avi Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ evKx mgm¨v¸‡jviI mgvavb nq, KviY Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v ¸‡jv nq G mgm¨vi Ask wKsev Zv n‡Z D™¢~Z kvLv ev cÖkvLv gvÎ| GB mgvavb mwVK cybR©vMi‡Yi (bvnv`v) †¶‡Î ZLbB GKwU cÖK…Z mgvavb wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e hLb Zv gvby‡li mnRvZ ‰ewk‡ó¨i (wdZivn) mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq, eyw×e„wËK gb †K Avk¦¯— K‡i Ges hvi d‡j ü`q cÖkvwš—‡Z cwic~Y© n‡q D‡V|

GKwU Av‡jvwKZ wPš—v (Avj wdKi“j gymZvwbi) Qvov gnvwek¦, gvbyl Ges Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cÖK…Z mgvav‡b †cuŠQv‡bv m¤¢e bq| djZ: hviv cybR©vMiY (bvnv`v) I myD”P c‡_i (i“wKC) Abymi‡Yi A`g¨ AvKvsLv †cvlY K‡ib Zv‡`i Av‡jvwKZ wPš—vavivi (wdKi) gva¨‡g me©cÖ_‡g gvby‡li me‡P‡q eo mgm¨vwUi mwVK mgvavb Kiv Avek¨K| GB mgvavbB n‡”Q AvKx`v Z_v †mB eyw×e„wËK wfwË, hvi Dci wbf©i K‡i gvby‡li LyuwUbvwU cÖwZwU AvPiY, Ges Rxeb e¨e¯’v m¤úwK©Z mKj wPš—v aviv M‡o D‡V|

Bmjvg gvby‡li me‡P‡q eo mgm¨vwU Abyaveb K‡i Ges Zv Ggb fv‡e mgvavb K‡i hv gvby‡li mnRvZ ˆewk‡ó¨i (wdZivn) Gi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©, Zvi eyw×e„wËK gb‡K Avk¦¯— K‡i Ges Zvi ü`q‡K cÖkvwš—‡Z cwic~Y© K‡i| Bmjvg G mgvavb MÖn‡bi c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e Gi †hŠw³K MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB Bmjvg GKwU gvÎ wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ, Avi Zv n‡”Q Bmjvgx AvKx`v hv †NvlYv K‡i gvbyl, Rxeb Ges gnvwe‡k¦i wcQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v (LwjK) i‡q‡Qb| whwb G‡`i mevB‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges whwb mKj wKQyiB m„wóKZ©v| wZwbB Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv| wZwbB †mB m„wó KZ©v whwb mewKQy‡K GK cig k~b¨Zv †_‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ Acwinvh© (IqvwRe Dj DRy`) Ges Zvu‡K †KD m„wó K‡iwb - KviY ‡m‡¶‡Î wZwb m„wóKZ©v n‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb m„wóKZ©v G mZ¨wUB eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h Zv‡K †KD m„wó K‡iwb Ges Zvui Aw¯—Z¡ Acwinvh©| Zver m„wóKzj Zvi Dci wbf©ikxj Ges wZwb ‡Kvb wKQyi DciB wbf©ikxj bb|

cÖwZwU wRwb‡miB ‡cQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Qb G wm×v‡š— †cŠuQv‡bvi KviY n‡”Q Avgv‡`i Abyaveb ‡hvM¨ cÖwZwU welq †hgb gvbyl, Rxeb Ges gnvwek¦ BZ¨vw` mxgve×, `ye©j, Am¤ú~Y© Ges Zv‡`i Aw¯—‡Z¡i Rb¨ Zviv Ac‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj| gvbyl mxgve× KviY mKj †¶‡ÎB †m GKwU wbw`©ó mxgvi gv‡S †e‡o D‡V Ges KL‡bvB G mxgve×Zvi evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibv| Rxeb mxgve×, KviY Avgiv Abyfe Ki‡Z cvwi †h GwU ¯^Zš¿ cÖvbx mËvi gv‡SB cÖKvwkZ nq Ges Zvi gv‡SB wejyß nq| Kv‡RB GwUI mxgve×| gnvwek¦I mxgve×, KviY GwU KZ¸‡jv gnvRvMwZK e¯‘i mgwógvÎ| cÖwZwU gnvRvMwZK e¯‘ mxgve×, Ges `„k¨ZB A‡bK¸‡jv mxgve× e¯‘i mgwóI mxgve×| Kv‡RB mywbwðZfv‡eB gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ mxgve×| hLb Avgiv mxgve× e¯‘¸‡jv wb‡q wPš—v Kwi, ZLb Avgiv ‡`L‡Z cvB G¸‡jv †KvbwUB AvRvjx (wPiš—b- Avw` Aš—nxb Amxg) bq, bZzev G¸‡jvi †KvbwUB mxgve× nÕZbv, Avi GKvi‡YB G‡`i Aek¨B GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Qb whwb gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ mn mKj wKQyiB mªóv| Avi GB m„wóKZ©v‡K nq †KD m„wó K‡i‡Q A_ev wZwb wb‡RB wb‡R‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb A_ev wZwb wPiš—b, Avw` Aš—nxb - AvRvjx Ges hvi Aw¯—Z¡ Acwinvh©| Zv‡K †KD m„wó K‡i‡Q G aviYvwU Pig wg_¨v KviY Zvn‡j wZwb mxgve× n‡q hvb| Avi †KD hw` e‡jb wZwb wb‡RB wb‡R‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e G hyw³wUI m¤ú~Y© Amvi KviY ¯^vfvweK hyw³i wePv‡i ZLb Zv‡K m„wóKZ©v wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvqbv| Gai‡Yi hyw³i Aš—wb©wnZ A_© n‡”Q wZwb m„wó nevi mgq wb‡R‡KB m„wó KiwQ‡jb! Giƒc aviYv Am¤¢e I AjxK KíbvgvÎ| Kv‡RB m„wóKZ©v Aek¨B AvRvjx (wPiš—b, Avw` Aš—nxb Amxg)| wZwbB gnvb Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv|

b¨~bZg wPš—v fvebvi AwaKvix †h †KD Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZv ‡_‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h mewKQyi wcQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Qb| KviY GmewKQy †_‡K †h mZ¨wU †ei n‡q Av‡m Zv n‡”Q G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUB Am¤ú~Y©, `ye©j Ges wbf©ikxj| Kv‡RB Zviv Aek¨B m„ó| e¯‘Z: gvbyl, Rxeb ev gnvwe‡k¦i †h †Kvb wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jB ‡Kvb e¨w³ mn‡R G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z cv‡ib †h G¸‡jvi wcQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v I msMVK i‡q‡Qb| gnvwe‡k¦i †h‡Kvb e¯‘i cÖwZ j¶¨ Ki‡j, Rxe‡bi ‡h‡Kvb w`‡Ki cÖwZ Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j wKsev gvby‡li †h †Kvb welq Abyaveb Ki‡j cÖwZwU welqB Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© mywbwðZ wb`k©b enb K‡i| gnvMÖš’ KziAv‡b G welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges gvbyl‡K Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZv m¤ú‡K© wPš—v fvebv K‡i Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© mywbw`©ó wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| G cÖwµqvq gvbyl j¶¨ K‡i wKfv‡e GKwU e¯‘ Aci e¯‘i Dci wbf©ikxj, Ges mywbwðZ wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nq ‡h, wbðqB Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡ mZ¨ whwb mKj wKQyi m„wóKZ©v| KziAv‡b eû Avqv‡Z G ai‡Yi AmsL¨ D`vniY j¶¨ Kiv hvq| myiv Avwj Bgiv‡b Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,

ÒwbðqB AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_exi m„wó‡Z, w`ev ivwÎi cwieZ©‡b wb`k©b i‡q‡Q wPš—vkxj e¨w³‡`i Rb¨|Ó (myiv Avwj Bgivb: AvqvZ 190)

 Ges wZwb myiv Avi i“g G e‡j‡Qb,

ÒGes Zvi wb`k©‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_exi m„wó, Ges †Zvgv‡`i fvlv I e‡Y©i ‰ewPΨ| wbðqB G mg¯— wKQyi gv‡S Ávbx e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ wb`k©b i‡q‡Q|Ó (myiv Avi i“g: AvqvZ 22)

wZwb myiv Avj Mvwkqvn †Z e‡j‡Qb,

ÒZ‡e wK Zviv D‡Ui cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡ibv †h wKfv‡e Zv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q? Ges AvKv‡ki cÖwZ ‡h wKfv‡e Zv‡K D‡aŸ© cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ce©Zgvjvi cÖwZ †h wKfv‡e Zv‡K ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q? Ges f~c„‡ôi cÖwZ wKfv‡e Zv‡K we¯—…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q?Ó (myiv Avj Mvwkqvn: AvqvZ 17-20)

Ges myiv AvZ Z¡wiK G e‡j‡Qb,

ÒmyZivs gvbyl j¶¨ Ki“K Z‡K wK n‡Z m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q m‡e‡M öwjZ cvwb †_‡K hv wbM©Z nq †gi“`Û I cuvR‡ii ga¨ †_‡K|Ó (myiv AvZ-Z¡wiK: AvqvZ 5-7)

Ges myiv Avj evK¡vivn †Z e‡j‡Qb,

ÒwbðqB AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_exi m„wó‡Z, ivZ I w`‡bi cwieZ©‡b, hv gvby‡li Kj¨vY K‡i Zv mn mgy‡`ª wePiYkxj †bŠhvb mg~‡n, Avj­vn AvKvk n‡Z †h evwiel©‡Y awiÎx‡K cybR©xweZ K‡ib Zv‡Z Ges Zvi gv‡S hveZxq RxeRš‘i we¯—vi‡Y, evqyi w`K cwieZ©‡b, AvKv‡k I c„w_exi gv‡S wbqwš¿Z †gNgvjv‡Z Ávbx m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ wb`k©b i‡q‡Q|Ó (myiv Avj evK¡vivn: AvqvZ 164)

Giƒc Av‡iv AmsL¨ AvqvZ i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZvi wewfbœ e¯‘ I Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© wb‡q Mfxi fv‡e wPš—v Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges mªóvi Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© †hŠw³K wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nevi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡eB mywbw`©ó hyw³ I ¯úó cÖgv‡Yi wfwˇZ Avj­vni Dci my`„p wek¦vm ¯’vwcZ nq|

e¯‘Z: mªóvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb cÖwZwU gvby‡li mnRvZ ˆewkó¨| Aek¨ Gai‡Yi mnRvZ wek¦vm hLb ïaygvÎ Av‡eM wbf©i nq ZLb Zv ‡Kvb wek¦vm‡hvM¨ mwVK c‡_i w`K wb‡`©kbv ‡`qbv wKsev wek¦v‡mi †Kvb `„pZvI Av‡bbv| Awbqwš¿Z Av‡eM (DBR`vb) cÖvqkB g~j wek¦v‡mi evB‡i KíKvwnbx Ges AjxK aviYvi Rb¥ †`q| wek¦v‡m Giƒc A‰bwZK Dcv`vb ¸‡jv gvbyl‡K mwVK c_ n‡Z weP¨~Z K‡i Ges Kzdi I Awek¦v‡mi KwVb cvu‡K wbgw¾Z K‡i| g~wZ©c~Rv, Kzms¯‹vi Ges DcK_v GmeB Av‡eM cÖm~Z weåvwš—i dj| GRb¨ Bmjv‡g Av‡eM wbf©iZv‡K wek¦v‡mi GKgvÎ c_ wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv nqwb| Z`ªƒc Dcv‡m¨i gv‡S wKQy ¸Yvejx Av‡ivc Kiv, e¯‘MZ c`v‡_©i gv‡S Avj­vni Dcw¯’wZ Kíbv Kiv, wKsev e¯‘MZ c`v‡_©i Dcvmbvi gva¨‡g Zvi ˆbKU¨ AR©b Kiv BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ¯úóZ: Kzdi I wki‡K wjß nIqv A_ev weåvwš— I Kzms¯‹v‡i wbcwZZ nIqv cÖK…Z Cgv‡bi gva¨‡g eR©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨B Bmjv‡g Av‡e‡Mi cvkvcvwk gbb ev wPš—vkw³i e¨envi Avek¨K Ges gymwjg‡`i gbb ev wPš—vkw³ e¨envi K‡i Avj­vni Dci cwic~Y© wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kivi e¨vcv‡i eva¨evaKZv i‡q‡Q I AvKx`vÕi AÜ AbyKiY Kiv wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| djZ: Bmjv‡g eyw×e„wËK gb‡K Cgvb ¯’vc‡bi c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e wbhy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AvKx`vi †¶‡Î AÜ AbyKiY wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Avj­vn e‡j‡Qb,

ÒwbðqB AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_exi m„wó‡Z, w`ev ivwÎi cwieZ©‡b wb`k©b i‡q‡Q wPš—vkxj e¨w³‡`i Rb¨|Ó (myiv Avwj Bgivb: AvqvZ 190)

Kv‡RB, cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi Rb¨ wPš—v, M‡elYv, Mfxi Awfwb‡ek Gi gva¨‡g wek¦vm (Cgvb) ‡K kw³kvjx Kiv I  eyw×e„wËK ev weP¶Y g‡bi cwic~Y© Avk¦¯—Zvq Avj­vni Dci `„p wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kivi welqwU eva¨Zvg~jK (IqvwRe)| KziAv‡bi eû Avqv‡Z G gnvwe‡k¦i cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡e j¶¨ Kiv I Gi wbqg bxwZ Abyaveb Kivi gva¨‡g m„wóKZ©vi cÖwZ Cgvb‡K cwiPvwjZ Kivi wel‡q AvnŸvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KziAv‡bi AmsL¨ Avqv‡Z G ai‡Yi AvnŸvb gvby‡li weP¶Y g‡bi e¨env‡i cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i Ges Zv‡K Mfxi fv‡e wPš—v M‡elYv Kivi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z Zvi Cgvb hyw³ I ¯úó cÖgv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i kw³kvjx nq| G‡¶‡Î wcZ…cyi“l‡`i cÖ_v‡K h_vh_ we‡k­lY, M‡elYv bv K‡i I Gi mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i cwic~Y© Avk¦¯— bv n‡q AÜfv‡e MÖnY Kivi wel‡q KwVbfv‡e mZK© Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvg Giƒc cwic~Y© Cgv‡bi `vex K‡i, cye©cyi“l‡`i AÜ wek¦vm bq| GwU †mB wek¦vm hv Av‡jvwKZ Ges cwic~Y© Avk¦¯— e¨vw³i gv‡S i‡q‡Q, hv µgvMZ AbymÜvb I M‡elYvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Ges hvi d‡j Zvi Aš—i Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y©fv‡e Avk¦¯— n‡q‡Q|

hw`Iev eyw×e„wËK gb‡K e¨envi K‡i Avj­vn m¤ú‡K© mwVK wek¦v‡m (Cgvb) DcbxZ nIqvi eva¨evaKZv i‡q‡Q, wKš‘  gvbe gb Zvi Cw›`ªqvbyf~wZ I gbRM‡Zi mxgv‡iLvi evB‡i †Kvb wKQy Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Gi KviY n‡”Q gvby‡li gb GKwU mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Ave× Ges †m hZB DbœwZ Ki“K ev weKwkZ ‡nvK bv †Kb KL‡bv G mxgvi evB‡i Avm‡Z cv‡ibv| djZ: Zvi Abyaveb Kivi ¶gZvI mxgve×| Kv‡RB Avj­vni cÖK…Z ¯^iƒc Dcjwä Ki‡Z †M‡j gb e¨_© nq, KviY wZwb gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ wb‡q †h mxgve× RMr Zvi D‡a© Ges gvbe gb KL‡bvB Gi evB‡ii †Kvb wKQy Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Zvn‡j GK_v ejv AbywPZ †h gvbyl wKfv‡e Avj­vni Dci Cgvb Avb‡e hLb †m Avj­vni ¯^iƒcB eyS‡Z cv‡ibv| KviY Cgvb ej‡Z Avj­vni Aw¯—‡Z¡i Dci Cgvb Avbvi eva¨evaKZv †evSvq, Avi Avj­vni m„wó A_©vr gvbe, Rxeb I gnvwe‡k¦i gva¨‡gB  Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡ Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e| G m„wóRMZ gvbe g‡bi Dcjwäi mvg‡_¨©i g‡a¨B c‡o Ges Gfv‡eB gvbe gb Zv Abyaveb K‡i| Avi G mKj e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Abyaveb Kivi gva¨‡gB gvbyl eyS‡Z cv‡i Gm‡ei wcQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v Av‡Qb Avi wZwbB Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv| Kv‡RB Avj­vni Aw¯—‡Z¡i Dci Cgvb Avbv GKwU †hŠw³K welq Ges Zv gvbe g‡bi mvg‡_¨©i mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨B m¤¢e| wKš‘ Gi wVK wecixZfv‡e,  Avj­vni ¯^iƒc Abyaveb Kiv Am¤¢e, KviY wZwb gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwe‡k¦i mxgve×Zvi D‡a© Ges djZ Zvui ¯^iƒc Abyaveb Kiv †h‡Kvb gvbe g‡bi mva¨vZxZ| gvbe gb m„wóMZ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡YB Zvi mxgv‡iLvi evB‡i †Kvb wKQy Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| G mxgve×Zv, Cgvb‡K m‡›`n ev mskqc~Y© bq eis kw³kvjx Kivi GKwU Dcv`vb wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| GQvovI †h‡nZz g‡bi h_vh_ mبenv‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv Avj­vni Dci Cgvb G‡bwQ Kv‡RB Zvui Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv cwic~Y© wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡qwQ| Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡ m¤úwK©Z Abyf~wZ Avgv‡`i eyw×e„wËK g‡bi mv‡_ hy³ nIqvq Zvui Aw¯—‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i Avgiv mywbwðZ| Gi d‡j m„wó KZ©vi Hkx ¸Yvejx m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i g‡b GKwU cwic~Y© I Avk¦¯— Dcjwä weivR K‡i| Avi G me wKQyB Zvi cÖwZ `„p wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi ci Avgv‡`i eyS‡Z †kLvq, Zvi ¯^iƒc m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv wKsev Abyaveb Kiv Avgv‡`i mv‡a¨i evB‡i| d‡j Aek¨B wZwb hv e‡j‡Qb Zvi mewKQy‡ZB kZ©nxb I cwic~Y© fv‡e AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z Avgiv  eva¨| KviY mnRvZ fv‡eB gvbe gb Zvi MwÛi evB‡ii †Kvb wKQy‡K, Zvi cvwicvwk¦©K Av‡cw¶K I mxgve× gvcKvwVi gva¨‡g cwigvc Ki‡Z A¶g| Avi Gai‡Yi welq eyS‡Z †M‡j †h cig I Amxg gvcKvwV cÖ‡qvRb Zv gvby‡li AwaKv‡i †bB Ges †m †Kvb w`b Zv AR©b I Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv|

Avj­vn myenvby Iqv ZvÕjvi Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi ci bex-imyj‡`i Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv Avek¨K| bex-imyj‡`i Avek¨KZv cÖgv‡Yi ‡¶‡Î G K_v BwZg‡a¨B Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q †h Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges ag©xq Abyf~wZ gvby‡li mnRvZ ˆewkó¨ (wdZivn) Ges GwU Zvi Ab¨Zg ¯^fve| Gfv‡e mnRvZ fv‡eB gvbyl Zvi m„wóKZ©vi gnZ¡ cÖKvk K‡i Avi GB gnZ¡ cÖKvkB cÖv_©bv ev Cev`Z Ges GwUB gvbyl I m„wóKZ©vi ga¨eZ©x m¤úK©| mwVK w`Kwb‡`©kbv ev msMVb Qvov GB m¤úK© wech©‡qi w`‡K wb‡q hvq Ges Zv m„wóKZ©vi Cev`Z Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv ev wKQyi Cev`‡Z cwiYZ nq| GRb¨ GKwU mwVK e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g G m¤úK©wU myk„sLj Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi GB e¨e¯’v Aek¨B gvbyl n‡Z D™¢~Z n‡Z cv‡ibv, KviY Giƒc m¤úK© wba©vi‡Yi †¶‡Î gvby‡li c‡¶ m„wóKZ©vi ¯^iƒc m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv m¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB GB e¨e¯’vwU Aek¨B m„wóKZ©vi wbKU n‡Z Avm‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li wbKU m„wóKZ©vi G e¨e¯’vwU †cuŠQv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| d‡j Aek¨B bex-imyj‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q hv‡`i gva¨‡g Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi G Øxb  gvby‡li Kv‡Q ‡cuŠQvq|

gvby‡li Rb¨ bex-imy‡ji Avek¨KZvi Av‡iv GKwU cÖgvY n‡”Q, gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ I ‰RweK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv| hw` G Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi †Kvb h_vh_ e¨e¯’v bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv åvš— I A¯^vfvweK cwiZ…wßi c_ †e‡Q †b‡e Ges Zv gvby‡li `y‡f©v‡Mi KviY n‡q `vov‡e| Kv‡RB myk„sLj fv‡e gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ I ˆRweK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| G e¨e¯’vwU gvby‡li wbKU n‡Z Avm‡Z cvi‡ebv, KviY gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ I ˆRweK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi e¨cv‡i Zvi Dcjwä Amg, ˆelg¨g~jK, Am½wZc~Y© I Zvi Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡e cÖfvwš^Z n‡Z eva¨| Kv‡RB G msMVb cÖYvjx hw` gvby‡li Dci †Q‡o †`qv nZ, Z‡e Aek¨B Amg, ˆelg¨c~Y© Ges Am½wZc~Y© n‡e Ges Zv gvby‡li Rb¨ Pig `y‡f©vM e‡q Avb‡e| Kv‡RB G e¨e¯’vwU‡K Aek¨B Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ ‡_‡KB Avm‡Z n‡e|

KziAvb Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ †_‡K AeZxY© G K_v cÖgv‡Yi †¶‡Î GwU me©Rb wew`Z †h KziAvb GKwU Aviex MÖš’ hv gynv¤§` (m:) Gi gva¨‡g G‡m‡Q| Kv‡RB GwU nq Avie‡`i wbKU n‡Z A_ev gynv¤§` (m:) Gi wbKU n‡Z wKsev Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ †_‡K G‡m‡Q | ‡h‡nZz Gi fvlv I iPbv‰kjx Aviex, Kv‡RB G wZb Drm Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Drm n‡Z Gi AvMgb Am¤¢e|

KziAvb Avie‡`i wbKU n‡Z G‡m‡Q GK_v ejv wg_¨vPvi| KviY KziAvb Zv‡`i cÖwZ Abyiƒc iPbvi P¨v‡jÄ Qy‡o w`‡q‡Q|

Òejyb, Giƒc `kwU myiv wb‡q Avm|Ó (myiv û`: AvqvZ 13)

Òejyb, Giƒc GKwU myiv wb‡q Avm|Ó (myiv BDbym: AvqvZ 38)

Zviv Abyiƒc iPbvi †Póv K‡i e¨_© n‡qwQj| myZivs GwU Zv‡`i e³e¨ bq| GwU gynv¤§` (m:) Gi iPbv Giƒc `vex KivI n‡e wg_¨vPvi| KviY wZwb hZ DbœZ †gaviB AwaKvix †nvb bv †Kb wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl Ges GKRb Avie| ‡h‡nZz Avieiv Giƒc wKQy Avb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q Ges gynv¤§` (m:) I wQ‡jb GKRb Avie Kv‡RB Avie wnmv‡e GK_v Zvi Rb¨I cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges wZwb GwU iPbv K‡ibwb| Dciš‘ gynv¤§` (m:) Gi AmsL¨ mnxn I gyZvIqvwZi  nv`xm i‡q‡Q, hv‡`i mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| G nv`xm ¸‡jvi mv‡_ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ ¸‡jvi Z‚jbv Kiv n‡j †`Lv hvq Zv‡`i eY©bv ‰kjxi g‡a¨ †Kvb wgj †bB| wZwb GKB mg‡q KziAv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jv c‡o‡Qb I Zvi nvw`m ¸‡jv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv ¯^‡ËI Zv‡`i eY©bv‰kjxi g‡a¨ wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| gvbyl hw` KL‡bv Zvi K_v‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i ZeyI Zvi fvlv‰kjx GKB iKg _v‡K, KviY GwU ZviB GKwU Ask| †h‡nZz KziAv‡bi AvqvZ I nv`xm ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ fvlv‰kjxi wgj †bB, ‡m‡nZz Aek¨B KziAvb gynv¤§` (m:) Gi e³e¨ bq| GQvovI Avi‡ei fvlv I ˆkjx‡Z my`¶ †Kvb AvieB `vex K‡ibwb †h KziAvb gynv¤§` (m:) Gi e³e¨ wKsev Zvi e³‡e¨i mv‡_ Gi †Kvb wgj Av‡Q| Zviv ïaygvÎ †h Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Q Zv n‡”Q gynv¤§` (m:) GwU Rvei bvgK GK L„óvb hye‡Ki wbKU n‡Z wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Avj­vn Zv‡`i G Amvi `vex‡K wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:

ÒZviv e‡j GK e¨w³ Zv‡K GwU wk¶v †`q| Zviv hvi K_v e‡j Zvi fvlv Abviex A_P GwU my¯úó Aviex fvlvq iwPZ|Ó ( myiv Avb bvnj: 103)

‡h‡nZz G‡_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq ‡h, KziAvb Avie‡`i wKsev gynv¤§` (m:) Gi iPbv bq, †m‡nZz GwU Aek¨B Avj­vn myenvbyZvÕjvi evYx Ges whwb GwU wb‡q G‡m‡Qb Zvi Rb¨ GwU GKwU A‡jŠwKK wb`k©b (gyÕwRhv)|

‡h‡nZz gynv¤§` (m:) KziAvb G‡b‡Qb, Ges KziAvb Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi evYx Ges Zvi Hkx weavb, Ges bex-imyjMY Qvov Avi †KD Avj­vni kixqvn (weavb) Avb‡Z cv‡ib bv, Kv‡RB hyw³m½Z fv‡eB gynv¤§` (m:) Aek¨B GKRb bex I imyj|

GwU Avj­vn, Avj­vni imyj I KziAvb Avj­vni evYx G welq¸‡jvi Dci ¯’vwcZ Cgv‡bi GKwU eyw×e„wËK cÖgvY|

djZ ‡hŠw³K Dcv‡q Avj­vni Dci Cgvb ¯’vwcZ nq Ges Cgvb ¯’vc‡bi ‡¶‡Î GKwU Abyaveb‡hvM¨ c_ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB fv‡e GwU Avgv‡`i Cw›`ªqvZxZ Ges Avj­vn †h mKj welq m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i AewnZ K‡i‡Qb Zvi mewKQyi Dc‡i Cgvb ¯’vc‡bi GKwU wfwˇZ cwiYZ nq| KviY Avgiv Avj­vn myenvbyZvÕjvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwQ huvi Hkx ¸Yvejx i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB wZwb Avgv‡`i hv wKQy m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡i‡Qb Zvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv Avek¨K, Zv Avgv‡`i eyw×e„wËK g‡bi ‡evaMg¨B †nvK wKsev Zvi Abyaveb ¶gZvi evB‡iB †nvK bv †Kb| mnR K_vq wZwb Avgv‡`i hv AewnZ K‡i‡Qb Zv-B mZ¨| Avgv‡`i Aek¨B cybyi“Ìvb w`em (evAvÕm), †e‡nkZ (RvbœvZ), †`vhL (Rvnvbœvg/bvÕi), wnmve (wnmve) Ges kvw¯— (Avhve), wdwikZv (gvjv-CKv), wRb (wRbœ), kqZvb Ges Av‡iv hv wKQy KziAvb I gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB Cgvb, kÖ“Z ev wjwLZ wel‡qi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i wbKU †cŠuQv‡jI Zv g~jZ Abyaveb‡hvM¨ I hyw³m½Z| KviY eyw×e„wËK g‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Gi Drm m‡›`nvZxZ fv‡e cÖgvwYZ| Kv‡RB gymwjg‡`i AvÕKx`v Aek¨B †evaMg¨ gb wKsev hyw³m½Z g‡bi wbKU cÖgvwYZ Dr†mi Dci wbf©ikxj| Kv‡RB gymwjg‡`i ïaygvÎ hyw³m½Z Dcv‡q Abyaveb‡hvM¨ welq¸‡jvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK, A_ev hv m‡›`nvZxZ fv‡e wjwce× Av‡Q, hv KziAvb I gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ| G `ywU c×wZi evB‡i A_©vr, eyw×e„wËK gb Ges wKZve I mywbwðZ nv`xm Øviv hv cÖgvwYZ bq, Zvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb wbwl×| KviY mywbwðZ (CqvwKb) nIqv Qvov wek¦vm (AvKvC`) MÖnb‡hvM¨ bq|

Kv‡RB, G Rxe‡bi c~‡e© hv wQj A_©vr Avj­vn Ges Rxe‡bi c‡i hv Av‡Q A_©vr cybyi“Ìvb w`e‡mi Dci Cgvb ¯’vcb eva¨Zvg~jK| Avj­vni Av‡`k-wb‡la mg~n ‡hgb G Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Rxeb c~e© Ae¯’v‡K m¤úwK©Z K‡i, wVK †Zgwb G Rxeb cieZ©x Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Rxe‡bi hveZxq wnmve wbKvk I wePvi w`e‡mi m¤úK© ‰Zix K‡i| Avi Gi gva¨‡g G Rxeb c~e©eZ©x I ZrcieZ©x Rxe‡bi gv‡S GKwU m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq| G Rxe‡b gvby‡li m¤úK© ïaygvÎ G m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ mxgve× _vKv evÃbxq| Ab¨K_vq gvby‡li G Rxeb ïaygvÎ Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi †`qv Rxeb e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPr Ges Aek¨B wek¦vm Kiv DwPZ †h wePvi w`e‡m wZwb gvby‡li hveZxq mKj Kv‡Ri wnmve †b‡eb|

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ ewnf©yZ welqvw` I Rxe‡bi c~e©eZ©x cieZ©x welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GKwU Av‡jvwKZ wPš—vaviv cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e Bmjvgx AvKx`vÕi gva¨‡g gvbe Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo mgm¨vwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c mgvavb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gvbyl hLb G mgvav‡b DcbxZ nq, ZLb †m cvw_©e Rxeb m¤ú‡K© hveZxq wPš—vavivi cÖwZ AMÖmi n‡Z Ges Rxeb m¤ú‡K© weï× I djcÖm~ wPš—vaviv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| G mgvav‡bi Dci wfwË K‡iB M‡o D‡V Zvi Rxebv`k© (ideolgy) hvi gva¨‡g  cybR©vMi‡Yi c‡_ (bvn`vn) hvÎv ïi“ nq| Ges G wfwËi DciB †Kvb mf¨Zv (nv`viv) M‡o D‡V| G ‡_‡KB Rb¥ †bq Rxebe¨e¯’v Ges Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB M‡o D‡V GKwU ivóªe¨e¯’v| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx Rxebv`k© Z_v Zvi ÔaviYvÕ (wdKivn) Ges Ôc×wZÕ (ZwiKvn) DfqB Bmjvgx AvKx`vnÕi wfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ|

Ò‡n wek¦vmx MY (Cgvb`vi MY) Avj­vn, wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki (Cgvb Avb) Zvi imyjMY, Zvi im~‡ji Dci AeZxY© wKZve Ges Zvi c~e©eZ©x AeZxY© wKZve mg~‡ni cÖwZ| Avi †h †KD Avj­vn, Zvi wdwikZv, Zvi wKZve mg~n, Zvi imyj mg~n Ges wePvi w`em †K A¯^xKvi K‡i †m fxlY fv‡e c_åó n‡q‡Q|Ó (myiv wbmv: AvqvZ 136)

Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi ci, cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c kixqvnÕi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK n‡q hvq; KviY GwU G‡m‡Q gnvMÖš’ AvjKziAv‡bi gva¨‡g Ges imyj (m:) Zv wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| †h GK_v A¯^xKvi Ki‡e, Zvi Ae¯’v nq GKRb Kvwd‡ii Abyiƒc| Kv‡RB m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c AvnKvg kixqvn wKsev Zvi †Kvb wbw`©ó (K¡vZC) wek` ûKzg †K A¯^xKvi Kzd‡ii bvgvš—i| Avi GwU Cev`Z m¤úwK©Z †Kvb weavbB †nvK wKsev †jb‡`b (gyAvgvjvZ), kvw¯— (DK¡yevZ), Lv`¨ BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z weavbB †nvKbv †Kb| Kv‡RB wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ¸‡jvi †h‡Kvb GKwU A¯^xKvi Kiv evKx¸‡jv A¯^xKvi KiviB bvgvš—i|

ÒmvjvZ Kv‡qg KiÓ (Avj evKvivn: AvqvZ 43)

G AvqvZwU A¯^xKvi Kiv wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU A¯^xKvi Kiv GKB mgvb

ÒGes Avj­vn e¨emv‡K nvjvj (ˆea) Ges my` †K nvivg (wbwl×) K‡i‡QbÓ (Avj evKvivn: AvqvZ 275)

Ges cieZ©x AvqvZ ¸‡jv A¯^xKvi KivI mgvb|

Òcyi“l I bvix - †h ‡KD Pzwi Ki‡j nvZ †K‡U `vI|Ó (Avj gvwq`v: AvqvZ 38)

Ò‡Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q g„Z cÖvYx, i³ Ges ïK‡ii gvsm Ges hv Avj­vni bvg e¨ZxZ DrmM©xK…Z|Ó (Avj gvwq`v: AvqvZ 3)

kixqvnÕi Cgvb ¯’vcb Kiv g‡bi cQ‡›`i Aaxb bq, eis Avj­vn (myenvbyIqv ZvÕjv) hv AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb Zvi Dci †h KvD‡KB m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|

ÒwKš‘ bv, Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki kc_, Zviv ZZ¶Y ch©š— c~Y©v½ gyÕwgb n‡Z cvi‡ebv, hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zviv Zv‡`i hveZxq gZwe‡iv‡ai dqmvjvq Avcbv‡K wePviK wnmv‡e ‡g‡b †bq, Ges †Kvbiƒc m¼©xY©Zv I wØavØ›Ø QvovB mš‘ó wP‡Ë Avcbvi wm×vš— †g‡b ‡bq|Ó (Avb-wbmv : AvqvZ 65)

(cÖ_g Aa¨vq †kl)

wØZxq Aa¨vq

Avj K¡v`v Iqvj K¡`vi

myiv Avj Bgiv‡b Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,

ÒAvj­vni B”Qv e¨vZxZ GK wba©vwiZ wjwLZ mg‡qi c~‡e© ‡Kvb cÖvYxB g„Z¨y eiY K‡ibv|Ó (Avwj Bgivb: AvqvZ 145)

myiv Avj Avivd G wZvb e‡j‡Qb,

ÒcÖwZwU RvwZi Rb¨ GK wba©vwiZ mgq i‡q‡Q, hLb Zv‡`i mgq Avm‡e ZLb Zviv g„Z¨yKvj wej¤^ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges Z¡ivI Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó (Avj-AvivÕd: 34)

wZwb myiv nv`x` G e‡j‡Qb,

Òc~e© wba©vwiZ Kiv e¨vZxZ †Kvb `y‡fv©M Kv‡iv Dci AvcwZZ nqbv, wbðqB GwU Avj­vnÕi Rb¨ LyeB mnR|Ó (Avj-nv`x`:22)

myiv ZvIev †Z wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

Òejyb, Avgv‡`i Avj­vn Avgv‡`i Rb¨ hv wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb Zv e¨ZxZ Avgv‡`i wKQyB n‡ebv| wZwbB Avgv‡`i i¶vKZ©v Ges Avj­vni DciB wek¦vmxiv Av¯’v iv‡L|Ó (AvZ-ZvIev: 51)

myiv mvev‡Z wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

ÒAvmgvb I Rwg‡bi mvgvb¨ AYy cwigvY wKQy, Zvi PvB‡Z e„nËi ev ¶z`ªZi †h †Kvb welqB Zvi Ávbmxgvi ewnf©~Z bq Ges GK my¯úó wKZv‡e wjwce×|Ó (mvev: 3)

myiv Avj AvbAv‡g wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

ÒwZwbB Avj­vn whwb iv‡Î †Zvgv‡`i g„Zer K‡ib Ges wZwb Rv‡bb †Zvgiv w`‡b wK Ki| Ges wZwb w`‡b cybivq †Zvgv‡`i Rxeb`vb K‡ib hv‡Z †Zvgiv wba©vwiZ mgq c~Y© Ki‡Z cvi| AZ:ci Zuvi wbKUB †Zvgv‡`i cÖZ¨veZ©b Ges wZwb †Zvgv‡`i Rvwb‡q †`‡eb †Zvgiv wK Ki‡Z|Ó (Avj-AvbAvg: 60)

myiv Avb-wbmv‡Z wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

ÒhLb †Kvb Kj¨vY Zv‡`i ¯úk© K‡i ZLb Zviv e‡j G‡Zv Avj­vni c¶ †_‡KB, c¶vš—‡i hLb Zv‡`i †Kvb AKj¨vY ¯úk© K‡i ZLb Zviv e‡j G‡Zv G‡m‡Q ‡Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K| ej me wKQyB Av‡m Avj­vni wbKU n‡Z| wKš‘ G RvwZi wK n‡q‡Q †h Zviv G mZ¨wU eyS‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q?Ó (Avb-wbmv:78)

A‡b‡KB K¡v`v I K¡`‡ii cÖ‡kœ cweÎ KziAv‡bi A‡_©i w`K †_‡K m`„k GB AvqvZ mg~n I Abyiƒc AvqvZ mg~n `„óvš— wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Zviv G mKj AvqvZ †_‡K wm×vš— †bb, †h †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z gvbyl eva¨| ‡h‡nZz Avj­vn gvbyl I Zvi KvR†K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Kv‡RB Avj­vni Av‡`k I B”Qvi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq, Zviv Zv‡`i e³‡e¨i mg_©‡b wb‡gœi AvqvZwU Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|

ÒwKš‘ Avj­vn †Zvgv‡`i I †Zvgv‡`i KvR‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb|Ó (Avm md&dvZ: 96)

Zviv Zv‡`i hyw³i c‡¶ imyjyj­vn (m:) Gi wb‡gœv³ nv`xmwUI Dc¯’vcb K‡i _v‡Kb,

Òi“ûj Kz`m e‡jb, Kv‡iv Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cwic~Y© wihK, wba©vwiZ Avqy®‹vj (AvRvj) Ges Acivci wba©vwiZ welq mg~n c~Y© bv nIqv ch©š— ‡Kvb e¨w³i g„Z¨y nqbv|Ó

Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`‡`i wewfbœ kvLvq K¡y`v I K¡`‡ii welqwU GKwU eûj Av‡jvwPZ welq| ms‡¶‡c Avnjym mybœvnÕi (GLv‡b mnxn AvKx`vi AwaKvix Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÕZ Gi K_v ejv n‡”Qbv) gZvbymv‡i gvby‡li KvR Kivi †¶‡Î i‡q‡Q Kvme BLwZqvwi (¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³)| Kv‡RB G Kvme BLwZqvwiÕi Rb¨ ‡Kvb gvbyl‡K Revew`nx Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj gyZvwRjvÕi g‡Z gvby‡li KvR Zv‡`i wb‡RiB m„wó Ges Zv‡`i G Kv‡Ri Rb¨B Zv‡`i Revew`nx Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY †m-B KvRwUi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| Avj Rvewiq¨vn Gi g‡Z Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv B gvbyl Ges Zvi KvR‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB gvbyl Zvi KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Ges Zvi †Kvb wbR¯^ ¯^vaxb B”Qv kw³ †bB| Kv‡RB Zvi Ae¯’v GKwU evZv‡m †f‡m Pjv cvj‡Ki gZ, evZvm †hw`‡K cÖevwnZ nq †mw`‡KB Zvi AbyMvwgZv|

K¡v`v I K¡`‡ii wel‡q GKwU mwVK wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B me©cÖ_g G msµvš— hyw³ Z‡K©i mwVK wfwËwU m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li KvR Avj­vni m„wó bv gvby‡li m„wó Zv Av‡jvP¨ welq bq| †Zgwb Avj­vni Amxg Áv‡bi (Cjgyj­vn) cwiwawUI Av‡jvP¨ welq bq †h Gi gva¨‡g wZwb Rv‡bb gvbyl KvRwU Ki‡e wK Ki‡ebv| wKsev ev›`vi Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î Avj­vni Av‡`k ev B”Qvi (Biv`vZzj­vn) welqwUI Av‡jvPbvi wfwË n‡Z cv‡ibv| A_©vr Avj­vni Av‡`‡kB ev›`v KvRwU K‡i‡Q wKsev Avj jvI‡n gvndz‡R wjwce× Av‡Q e‡j AeavwiZ fv‡eB ev›`v KvRwU K‡i‡Q Giƒc welq Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv wfwËnxb|

cÖK…Zc‡¶ G welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi wfwË wU Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wbwnZ †bB KviY G welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ cyi®‹vi I kvw¯—i welqwU RwoZ bq| eis Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jv m„wó, Avj­vni Ávb, m¤¢ve¨ mKj wel‡q m„wóKZ©vi Ávb I Zv jvI‡n gvndz‡R msi¶Y BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| Ab¨ K_vq K¡v`v I K¡`‡ii e¨vcv‡i cwi®‹vi aviYv cvIqvi †¶‡Î †h welq¸wj ¯úó nIqv `iKvi Zv n‡”Q,  gvbyl wK fv‡jv ev g›` KvR Ki‡Z eva¨? A_ev G e¨cv‡i Zvi wK †Kvb cQ‡›`i AeKvk i‡q‡Q? Ges †Kvb KvR Kiv ev eR©‡bi †¶‡Î gvby‡li wK †Kvb cQ‡›`i AeKvk Av‡Q wK ‡bB?

†Kvb e¨w³ hw` mwVKfv‡e ‡Kvb gvby‡li KvR¸‡jv wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i, Z‡e †`Lv hvq gvby‡li Rxeb `ywU ej‡qi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| GKwU ejq Av‡Q †hLv‡b Zvi KZ©„Z¡ I cÖfve i‡q‡Q| GwU †mB ejq †hLv‡b Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ i‡q‡Q Ges GLv‡bB Zvi Kiv KvR¸‡jvi wcQ‡b Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ KvR K‡i| Ab¨ †h ejqwU i‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ges G ejqwU‡Z msNwUZ KvR ¸‡jv‡Z Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³i cÖfve †bB| hw`I KvR¸‡jv Zvi gva¨‡g wKsev Zv‡K QvovI NU‡Z cv‡i|

‡h ej‡qi KvR¸‡jv gvbyl‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i, Zvi msNUb ev Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li wKQyB KiYxq †bB| G‡`i †K `y‡Uv fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ: Ggb GKai‡Yi NUbv ev KvR hv gnvwe‡k¦i (DRy`) wbq‡gi Aaxb Ges wØZxqZ: ‡h NUbv ev KvR¸‡jvi Dci gvby‡li †Kvb cÖfve †bB Ges Zv gnvwe‡k¦i (DRy`) ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gi Aaxb bq|

GK - †h mKj KvR gnvwe‡k¦i wbqg †g‡b P‡j gvbyl m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †m¸‡jvi AvqZ¡vaxb| Kv‡RB †m G¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ nq KviY gvbyl gnvwe‡k¦i wbqg †g‡b AMÖmi nq Ges Rxeb Ggb GK wbw`©ó wbq‡gi Aaxb hv cwiewZ©Z nqbv| djZ: GB ej‡q msNwUZ KvR¸‡jv gvby‡li B”Qvi evB‡i| Ges GwU Zv‡K eva¨ K‡i Ges GLv‡b Zvi wbR¯^ †Kvb cQ‡›`i AeKvk †bB| gvbyl †hgb wb‡Ri B”Qvq G c„w_ex‡Z Av‡mwb †Zgwb wb‡Ri B”Qvq P‡jI †h‡Z cv‡ibv| †m ïaygvÎ Zvi ¯^vfvweK †`‡ni Dci wbf©i K‡i Do‡Z cv‡ibv| wVK †Zgwb ‡`‡ni ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq †m cvwbi Dci w`‡q nuvU‡Z cv‡ibv, wKsev wb‡Ri †Pv‡Li iO ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| gvbyl wb‡Ri B”QvgZ Zvi gv_v wKsev †`‡ni AvK…wZ m„wó K‡iwb| Aek¨B GwU K‡i‡Qb Avj­vn myenvbyIqv ZvÕjv, whwb Zvi `vm‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b Zvi `vm‡`i wKQy ejvi wQjbv| KviY Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvB gnvwe‡k¦i (DRy`) wbqgbxwZ m„wó K‡i‡Qb, GwU‡K gnvwe‡k¦i wbqš¿YKvix K‡i‡Qb Ges ‡Kvbiƒc e¨wZµg QvovB gnvwek¦‡K G wbq‡gi Aaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|

`yB - ‡h mg¯— KvR gvby‡li AvqZ¡vaxb bq Ges hv gnvwe‡k¦i wbq‡gi Aaxb bq, †m mg¯— KvR gvby‡li Øviv msNwUZ ‡nvK wKsev B”Qvi wecix‡Z †m G NUbvi wkKvi ‡nvK, Zv †m KL‡bv Gwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡ibv| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hw` GKwU †`Iqv‡ji Dci Aew¯’Z †Kvb e¨w³ `yN©Ubvµ‡g Kv‡iv Dci c‡o hvq I H e¨w³i g„Z¨y nq; wKsev hw` †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb cvwLi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¸wj †Quv‡o wKš‘ Zvi AÁvZmv‡i Zv Ab¨ e¨w³‡K AvNvZ K‡i nZ¨v K‡i; A_ev GKwU `ª“ZMvgx Mvox iv¯—v †_‡K weP¨~Z nq, GKwU †Uªb jvBbP¨~Z nq wKsev GKwU wegvb f~cvwZZ nq| GmKj NUbvq hvÎx‡`i g„Z¨y N‡U‡Q GKwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ e¨_©Zvi d‡j, †hLv‡b `yN©©UbvwU Gov‡bvi e¨cv‡i Pvj‡Ki ev cvBj‡Ui †Kvb mvg_¨© wQjbv| D`vni‡Yi mKj NUbvB †Kvb gvbyl Øviv msNwUZ wKsev †m NUbvi wkKvi, hv gnvwe‡k¦i ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gi Aaxb bq, wKš‘ Zv ¯^‡ËI G¸‡jv Zvi B”Qvi wei“‡× I Zvi wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i Zvi gva¨‡g msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, ev †m Zvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|

Dc‡iv³ `ywU †¶ÎB gvby‡li wbqš¿‡bi evB‡i| ‡h ejqwU‡Z gvbyl cÖfvweZ nq, †m ej‡q msNwUZ KvR¸‡jv‡K ejv nq K¡v`v, KviY GKgvÎ Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi gva¨‡gB G¸‡jv c~e© wba©vwiZ| myZivs G KvR¸‡jv, ¶wZKi wKsev DcKvix, cQ‡›`i ev AcQ‡›`i ‡hgbB †nvK bv †Kb Zvi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K Awfhy³ Kiv n‡ebv KviY G KvR¸‡jv msNU‡bi wcQ‡b gvby‡li cÖfve wQjbv, hw`I GKgvÎ Avj­vnB G KvR ¸‡jvi fv‡jv g›` m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb| G KvR¸‡jv wKsev Zv †hfv‡e msNwUZ n‡q‡Q ‡m e¨cv‡i Zvi wbKU †Kvb c~e© Z_¨ wQjbv, wKsev †m G¸‡jv Gov‡ZI m¶g wQjbv| gvbyl‡K Aek¨B G K¡v`v †Z wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G K¡v`v G‡m‡Q Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ †_‡K|

GLb hw` K¡`i m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kwi Z‡e GwU ¯úó †h mKj KvR msNwUZ nq gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwe‡k¦i e¯‘mg~n‡K wb‡q, Zv gvby‡li wbqš¿bvaxb ej‡qB msNwUZ ‡nvK wKsev gvbyl‡K wbqš¿YKvix ej‡q msNwUZ †nvK bv †Kb| Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv G mKj e¯‘i wKQy ¯^vfvweK ¸Yvejx m„wó K‡i‡Qb| D`vniY ¯^iƒc wZwb `nb ¸b m¤úbœ Av¸b m„wó K‡i‡Qb hv cÖ¾¡wjZ nq, `vn¨ ¸Y m¤úbœ KvV m„wó K‡i‡Qb hv Av¸‡b cy‡o hvq Ges aviv‡jv ¸Y m¤úbœ PvKz ˆZix K‡i‡Qb hv ‡K‡U †d‡j| wZwb G ¸b ¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e e¯‘mg~‡ni Aš—M©Z K‡i‡Qb Ges gnvwe‡k¦i wbq‡gi Aaxb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †h Zv cwiewZ©Z nqbv| hLb †`Lv hvq †Kvb e¯‘i ¯^fve ag© cwiewZ©Z n‡q †M‡Q, Zvi A_© n‡”Q Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv  ¸YwU AcmviY K‡i‡Qb Ges Giƒc †Kvb NUbv A¯^vfvweK wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q A‡jŠwKK NUbv (gyÕwRhv) hv bex imyj‡`i †¶‡Î N‡U‡Q| Avj­vn †hfv‡e e¯‘i mg~‡ni ¯^fve ag© m„wó K‡i‡Qb, wVK †Zgwb wZwb gvby‡li g‡a¨I ¯^fveRvZ cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`vi ¸Y m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wZwb G ¯^fveRvZ cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`v ¸‡jv‡K wKQy ‰ewkó¨ w`‡q m„wó K‡i‡Qb| †hgb wZwb gvby‡li cÖRbb cÖe„wËi Rb¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb ‡hŠbvKv•Lv| wZwb ˆRweK Pvwn`vi Rb¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb ¶zav, Z…òv BZ¨vw`| wZwb G mKj welq n‡Z G ¸Yvejx‡K Awew”Qbœ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡K gnvwe‡k¦i ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gi Aaxb K‡i‡Qb| Avj­vn myenvbyIqv ZvÕjvi m„ó cÖwZwU e¯‘i Aš—M©Z G mKj ¸bvejx Ges gvby‡li cÖe„wË I ‰RweK Pvwn`v BZ¨vw` †K K¡`i ejv nq| Gi KviY n‡”Q GKgvÎ Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvB cÖwZwU e¯‘, cÖe„wË Ges ˆRweK Pvwn`v BZ¨vw` m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i ¯^ ¯^ ˆewkó¨ (¸Yvejx) ‡K K‡i‡Qb c~e©wba©vwiZ (K¡vÏviv)| e¯‘mg~n ‡hgb wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i G ˆewk󨸇jv (¸Yvejx)  m„wó K‡iwb, †Zgwb gvby‡liI G‡Z †Kvb nvZ wQjbv, wKsev G‡`i Dcw¯’wZi Dci cÖfve wQjbv| Kv‡RB gvbyl‡K G K_v wek¦vm (Cgvb) Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvB G mKj e¯‘i ¯^ ¯^ ˆewkó¨ mg~n‡K c~e©wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ gvby‡li e¯‘ mg~‡ni G ˆewkó¨ ¸‡jv †K e¨envi Kivi ¶gZv †`qv n‡q‡Q, hw` Zv Avj­vni weavb Abyhvqx nq Z‡e Zv fv‡jv Avi hw` Zvi weavb jsNb K‡i Z‡e Zv g›`| Kv‡RB †Kvb KvR Kivi †¶‡Î e¯‘‡K Zvi ¯^xq ˆewkó¨ Abyhvqx e¨envi wKsev cÖe„wË ev ˆRweK Pvwn`vi Zvobvi cÖwZwµqv hw` Avj­vni cÖ`Ë Av‡`k I wb‡la Abyhvqx m¤úbœ Kiv nq Z‡e Zv fv‡jv KvR wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| Avi hw` Zv Avj­vni Av‡`k wb‡la jsNb K‡i Kiv nq Z‡e Zv g›` KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|

Abyiƒcfv‡e, cÖwZwU KvR - fv‡jv ev g›` - hv gvby‡li Dci cÖfve we¯—viKvix ej‡q msNwUZ nq Zv Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ †_‡K N‡U _v‡K| cÖwZwU e¯‘i ˆewkó¨            Ges gvby‡li cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`v - fv‡jv wKsev g›` - Zv Avj­vniB m„wó| Gi avivevwnKZvq, GKRb gymwjg‡K Aek¨B wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h, K¡v`v - fv‡jv wKsev g›`- Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K| A_©vr Zv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Zvi wbqš¿Yvaxb ej‡qi evB‡i msNwUZ KvR mg~n N‡U Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K|Zv‡K GI wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h K¡`i - fv‡jv wKsev g›` - Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K wba©vwiZ| A_©vr Zv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e GKwU e¯‘i Aš—wb©wnZ ˆewkó¨, †mwU fv‡jv †nvK ev g›` †nvK bv †Kb, Avj­vn KZ©„K wba©vwiZ| Avi gvbyl - hv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q - Zvi G¸‡jvi e¨cv‡i †Kvb cÖfve †bB| Gfv‡e gvby‡li Rxe®‹vj (AvRvj), RxweKv (wihK) Ges AvZ¥v (i“n) Avj­vni m„wó I Avj­vn KZ©„K wba©vwiZ| wVK GKB fv‡e eskwe¯—v‡ii cÖe„wË †_‡K †hŠbvKvsLv Ges †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wË †_‡K gvwjKvbvi AvKvsLv, ˆRweK Pvwn`v †_‡K ¶zav, Z…òv BZ¨vw` meB Avj­vni m„wó| ‡h mKj KvR gvby‡li Dci cÖfve we¯—viKvix ev wbqš¿YKvix ej‡q msNwUZ nq Zv Ges e¯‘i Aš—wb©wnZ ˆewkó¨ mg~‡ni †¶‡Î G aviYvwU cÖ‡hvR¨|

wKš‘ †h ej‡q gvby‡li wbqš¿Y ev cÖfve i‡q‡Q, †m ej‡q †m Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qv kw³ Abyhvqx †e‡Q †bqv Rxeb e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx P‡j| GwU Avj­vni wewae× e¨e¯’v (A_©vr kixqvn) n‡Z cv‡i Zv ewnf©~Z Ab¨ †h †Kvb Rxeb e¨e¯’vI n‡Z cv‡i| GwU †mB ejq †hLv‡b gvby‡li ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ Øviv KvR¸‡jv msNwUZ nq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc †m hLb B”Qv †L‡Z, Nygv‡Z wKsev hvÎv Ki‡Z cv‡i wKsev G †_‡K weiZI _vK‡Z cv‡i| wVK †Zgwb †m hLb B”Qv Av¸b w`‡q ‡cvov‡Z cv‡i wKsev Qywi w`‡q KvU‡Z cv‡i| †m Zvi eskwe¯—vi I gvwjKvbvi cÖe„wË, wKsev ¶yavi Pvwn`v †hfv‡e Lykx wgUv‡Z cv‡i| †m B”Qv gvwdK G KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡i wKsev Zv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB gvby‡li G mKj KvR¸‡jv, hv †m Zvi wbR¯^ cÖfve ev wbqš¿YKix ej‡q K‡i _v‡K, Zvi Rb¨ Revew`nx Ki‡Z n‡e|

e¯‘ mg~‡ni Awe‡”Q`¨ ‰ewkó¨ Ges gvby‡li cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`v Avj­vn KZ©„K wba©vwiZ n‡jI ‡h †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡`i GKwU ¯^vfvweK djvdj Av‡Q, wKš‘ Zv‡`i Aš—M©Z ˆewk󨸇jv H KvR ïi“i D‡`¨vM †bqbv, eis gvbylB G welq¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i| Kv‡RB eskwe¯—v‡ii cÖe„wË ‡_‡K D™¢~Z †hŠbvKvsLv - ‡K fv‡jv wKsev g›` G `ywUi †h †Kvb GKwU‡Z cwiYZ Kivi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †Zgwb ˆRweK Pvwn`v n‡Z D™¢~Z ¶zavi ‡¶‡ÎI m¤¢ve¨ fv‡jv ev g‡›`i my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hvi Kvi‡Y G KvRwU fv‡jv ev g›` n‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡”Q gvbyl wb‡RB, H cÖe„wË ev ˆRweK Pvwn`v bq| KviY Avj­vn myenvby Iqv Zvjv gvbyl‡K ‡eva¶gZv m¤úbœ gb w`‡q m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges GB g‡bi Abyaveb I wePvi-we‡k­lY Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| wZwb gvbyl‡K fv‡jv I g›` m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ †n`v‡qZ cvwV‡q‡Qb|

ÒGes Avgiv Zv‡K (gvbyl‡K) `ywU c_ †`wL‡qwQ|Ó (myiv Avj evjv`: AvqvZ 10)

Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv gvby‡li gv‡S fv‡jv I g›` Abyaveb Kivi ¶gZvI m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

ÒGes Avgiv Zv‡K g›` I fv‡jv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡iwQ|Ó (myiv kvgm: AvqvZ 8)

hLb Avj­vni Av‡`k-wb‡la ‡g‡b gvbyl Zvi cÖe„wË I ‰RweK Pvwn`vi Zvobvq mvov †`q, ZLb †m GKwU fv‡jv KvR K‡i Ges ci‡nRMvwiZvi/b¨vqcivqYZvi (ˆbwZKZvi) c‡_ AMÖmi nq| hLb gvbyl, Avj­vni Av‡`k wb‡la n‡Z weP¨~Z n‡q †Kvb cÖe„wË ev ˆRweK Pvwn`vi Zvobvq mvov †`q ZLb †m GKwU g›` KvR K‡i Ges Ab¨v‡qi (A‰bwZKZvi) c‡_ AMÖmi nq| Kv‡RB G me ‡¶‡Î fv‡jv Ges g›` gvbyl n‡ZB D™¢~Z nq| †m hLb Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la †g‡b †Kvb cÖwZwµqv K‡i ZLb Zv fv‡jv Ges hLb Avj­vni Av‡`k wb‡la n‡Z weP¨~Z n‡q †Kvb cÖwZwµqv K‡i ZLb †m g›` KvR K‡i| djZ: gvbyl‡K Zvi cÖfve ev wbqš¿Y we¯—viKvix ej‡q m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Revew`nx Ki‡Z n‡e, Gfv‡e †m cyi“®K…Z wKsev kvw¯— cÖvß n‡e| KviY Zvi Dci †Kvbiƒc ej cÖ‡qvM QvovB †m H KvR ¸‡jv ¯^vaxb fv‡e K‡i‡Q| hw`I cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`vi ˆewkó¨ mg~n Avj­vni m„wó Ges Zv‡`i fv‡jv ev g‡›`i m¤¢vebvI Avj­vniB m„wó, wKš‘ wZwb G ˆewk󨸇jv‡K Ggb fv‡e m„wó K‡ibwb †h Zviv gvbyl‡K Zv e¨envi Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i hw`I Zv Avj­vn‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i wKsev Amš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, `nb ev ‡cvov‡bvi ˆewkó¨ Zv Avj­vni mš‘wó ev Amš‘wó D‡c¶v K‡i gvbyl‡K R¡vjv‡Z/†cvov‡Z eva¨ K‡ibv| eis G ‰ewkó¨ ev ¸Yvejx wbw`©ó e¯‘, cÖe„wË ev ˆRweK Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Ggb fv‡e hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hLb G welq ¸‡jv (e¯‘, cÖe„wË, ‰RweK Pvwn`v) h_vh_ fv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq ZLb Zvi djvdj ¯^iƒc G ˆewkó¨ /¸Yvejx cÖKvk cvq|

hLb Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv gvbyl‡K Zvi cÖe„wË, ˆRweK Pvwn`v Ges gb w`‡q m„wó K‡i‡Qb, †m mv‡_ wZwb †m KvRwU Kiv ev Zv n‡Z weiZ _vKvi wm×vš— †bqvi ¶gZvI w`‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv H KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z wKsev Zv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z eva¨ K‡ibwb| m‡e©vcwi, wZwb e¯‘, cÖe„wË I ˆRweK Pvwn`vi ˆewk󨸇jv‡K Ggbfv‡e m„wó K‡ibwb †h Zviv gvbyl‡K Zv e¨envi Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| Kv‡RB wZwb gvbyl‡K Zvi we‡k­lYag©x g‡bi mvnv‡h¨ H KvRwU Kiv ev bv Kivi †¶‡Î ¯^vaxbZv w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zvi Dci G e¨vcv‡i kiC `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡eB Avj­vn gvbyl‡K Zvi fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cyi“®K…Z Ki‡eb, KviY Zvi gb H KvRwU Avj­vni Av‡`k ev wb‡la Abyhvqx cvjb ev weiZ _vKvi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q| wZwb g›` KvR Kivi Rb¨ kvw¯— ‡`‡eb, KviY Zvi gb H KvRwU Kivi †¶‡Î Avj­vni Av‡`k ev wb‡la jsN‡bi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q| Ges Zvi gb Avj­vni Av‡`k ewnf©~Z Dcv‡q cÖe„wË Zvobv I ˆRweK Pvwn`vq mvov w`‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB gvbyl‡K †h Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Revew`nx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv mwVK Ges b¨vq m¤§Z, KviY †m Zvi KvR¸‡jv Kivi †¶‡Î ¯^vaxb Ges G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K eva¨ Kiv nqbv| GB cÖ‡kœi wePv‡i K¡v`v I K¡v`v‡ii welqwU AcÖvmw½K| eis gvbyl †h mKj KvR †m ¯^vaxb fv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Kv‡Ri Rb¨B Zv‡K `vqx Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,

ÒcÖwZwU AvZ¥vi Rb¨B i‡q‡Q Zvi ¯^xq AR©bÓ (Avj gyÏvm&wmi: AvqvZ 38)

K¡v`v I K¡`‡ii †¶‡Î Avj­vnÕi Ávb I Avj­vnÕi B”Qv m¤úwK©Z †h cÖkœ¸‡jv DÌvwcZ nq Zv wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| Avj­vni Ávb (Cjgyj­vn) msµvš— Av‡jvPbvq G K_v eyS‡Z n‡e †h, Zv gvbyl‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ibv| Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv Rv‡bb †h gvbyl Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ e‡j †Kvb KvRwU Ki‡e| GB KvRwU Ki‡Z Avj­vni Ávb Zv‡K eva¨ K‡iwb, eis Avj­vni Abš— Amxg Áv‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb Rv‡bb gvbyl †Kvb KvRwU Ki‡e| ÒjvI‡n gvndz‡R wjwLZÓ e³e¨wU GKwU Awfe¨w³ hvi gva¨‡g †evSv hvq, Avj­vni Ávb mg¯— wKQy‡K cwi‡eób K‡i †i‡L‡Q|

Avj­vni B”Qv (Biv`vZzj­vn) m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvq eyS‡Z n‡e †h, GwUI gvbyl‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ibv| Gi A_© n‡”Q Avj­vni mvgªv‡R¨ †Kvb wKQyB Zvi B”Qv e¨ZxZ msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡ibv, A_©vr Zvi B”Qvi wei“‡× †Kvb wKQyB NU‡Z cv‡ibv| Kv‡RB hLb gvbyl †Kvb KvR K‡i ZLb Avj­vn H KvR Kiv n‡Z gvbyl‡K weiZ iv‡Lb bv ev H KvRwU Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib bv, eis †Kvbiƒc ejcÖ‡qvM QvovB gvbyl‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvRwU Kivi AeKvk †`b| Gfv‡e gvbyl Avj­vni B”Qvi wei“‡× bq eis Zuvi B”QvqB Giƒc KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq| gvby‡li KvRwU Zvi wm×vš— I Zvi gva¨‡g msNwUZ nq, Ges Avj­vni B”Qv Zv‡K H KvRwU Ki‡Z wKsev Zv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z eva¨ K‡ibv| A_©vr gvbyl †h Zvi wb‡Ri B”Qvbyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z m¶g †mUvB Avj­vni B”Qv|

GB n‡”Q K¡v`v I K¡v`v‡ii welq hv gvbyl‡K fv‡jv KvR Ki‡Z I g›` KvR n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z DØy× K‡i Ges †m Dcjwä K‡i †h, Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv Zv‡K ‡`L‡Qb, Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡K `vqx Ki‡eb, wZwb Zv‡K KvR Kiv ev weiZ _vKvi wm×vš— †bevi ¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb, Ges hw` †m mwVK KvRwU bv K‡i ZLb wZwb Amš‘ó nb I Pig kvw¯— †`‡eb| Kv‡RB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h GKRb cÖK…Z wek¦vmx †h wbôvi mv‡_ K¡v`v I K¡v`v‡ii aviYvwU Dcjwä K‡i, Ges †h gvby‡li g‡bi cÖK…wZ I Avj­vni ‡`qv wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv (weP¶YZv) m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv iv‡L, †m Avj­vni Av‡`k cvj‡b m`v m‡PZb _v‡K Ges Zuv‡K h_vh_fv‡e fq K‡i| Zvi AvcÖvY cÖ‡Póv _vK‡e Avj­vni Av‡`k cvjb Kiv I wb‡la n‡Z weiZ _vKvi| KviY Zvi g‡a¨ Avj­vni kvw¯—i fq _v‡K Ges Zvi AvKvsLv _v‡K RvbœvZ Ges m‡e©vcwi ‡m G me wKQyi PvB‡Z e„nr GKwU welq AR©‡b m‡Pó _v‡K, Avi Zv n‡”Q Avj­vni mš‘wó ev wi`Iqvbyj­vn|

(wØZxq Aa¨vq †kl|)

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡

(Avj wK¡qv`vZzj wdKwiBq¨vn wdj Bmjvg)

hLb wPš—vi AebwZ N‡U, GK f~wg‡Z emevmiZ gvby‡li gv‡S ZLb H f~wg mswk­óZvi Kvi‡Y †`kvZ¥‡evaK eÜb (ivÕweZvn Avj IqvZvwbq¨vn) m„wó nq| gvby‡li †e‡uP _vKvi cÖe„wË Zv‡K Zvi †`k I ‡h f~wgi Dci wbf©i K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i, Zv i¶vq D‡`¨vMx K‡i| Gfv‡e †`kvZ¥‡evaK e܇bi D™¢e N‡U| †`kvZ¥‡evaK eÜb me©v‡c¶v `ye©j I wbgœ ¯—‡ii eÜb| GwU gvby‡li gZ cï cvwL‡`i gv‡SI we`¨gvb| Av‡eMRwbZ Dcv‡q Gi AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U| †Kvb we‡`kx kw³i Avµg‡b ¯^‡`k Avµvš— n‡j wKsev AwaK…Z n‡j, †m Avµg‡bi wecix‡Z Gi Rb¥ nq| ewnkw³i Avµgb †_‡K ¯^‡`k wbivc` _vK‡j †`kvZ¥‡evaK e܇bi †Kvb cÖfve _v‡Kbv| we‡`kxiv Rb¥f~wg †_‡K AcmvwiZ n‡j wKsev weZvwoZ n‡j Gi Aw¯—Z¡ _v‡Kbv| Kv‡RB GwU GKwU wbgœ ¯—‡ii eÜb|

GQvovI wPš—vavivi gvÎv m¼xY© n‡q †M‡j RvZxqZvev`x e܇bi (ivweZvn Avj K¡Iwgq¨vn) D™¢e N‡U| e„nr cwim‡i wPš—v Ki‡j GwU GKai‡bi cvwievwiK eÜb| KviY hLb †eu‡P _vKvi mnRvZ cÖe„wË e¨w³ gvby‡li Mfx‡ii †cÖvw_Z nq, ZLb Zvi gv‡S KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi †gvn ˆZix nq| GB KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi †gvn GKai‡Yi ¯^v_©ci AvPiY hv wbgœ eywׯ—‡ii gvby‡li gv‡S cÖej| Aek¨ e¨w³ gvby‡li m‡PZbZv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ KZ…©Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi †gvnI e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K, Gfv‡e †m wb‡Ri cwiev‡i KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi wPš—v K‡i| hLb Zvi m‡PZbZv Av‡iv e„w× cvq ZLb †m Zvi ‡`‡ki gvbyl‡`i Dci KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi wPš—v K‡i| hLb GwU AwR©Z nq, ZLb †m Ab¨ me gvby‡li Dci Zv‡`i KZ…©Z¡ ¯’vc‡b g‡bv‡hvMx nq| GB ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i gv‡S ¯’vbxq mvgš—ev`x ؇›Øi Rb¥ nq| Gfv‡e cwiev‡ii gv‡S KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vwcZ nevi ci ¯^xqcwievi I Ab¨ cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ G mvgš—ev`x msNvZ m„wó nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e wbR †Mvôx I Ab¨‡Mvôxi gv‡S G Ø›Ø-msNvZ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l ¯^xq RvwZ I Ab¨ RvwZi g‡a¨ mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I DbœZ RxebhvÎvi gvb ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ msNvZ ïi“ nq| Gfv‡e GB e܇b mshy³ e¨w³e‡M©i gva¨‡g †Mvôxev` (Avmvweq¨vn) eRvq _v‡K| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z †¯^”QvPvwiZv I G‡Ki wei“‡× A‡b¨i loh‡š¿i welqwU I weivR K‡i| djZ: GwU GKwU AgvbweK eÜb Ges evB‡ii msNvZ wb‡q e¨¯— bv _vK‡j G Ae¯’v memgq GKai‡Yi Aš—eZ©x mvgš—ev`x msNv‡Zi Dchy³ †¶Î n‡q _v‡K|

Kv‡RB ‡`kvZ¥‡evaK eÜb wb‡gœv³ wZbwU Kvi‡Y Abychy³| cÖ_gZ: GwU GKwU wbgœ ¯—‡ii eÜb, hv gvby‡li c~bR©vMi‡Yi c‡_ cvi¯úwiK eÜb eRvq ivLvi †¶‡Î h_v_© bq| wØZxqZ: GwU GKwU Av‡eMRwbZ eÜb hv  gvby‡li ‡eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wËi Zvobvq AvZ¥i¶v‡_© D™¢~Z| Gai‡Yi eÜb †h †Kvb mgq cwieZ©b mv‡c¶ Ges gvby‡li gv‡S ¯’vqx e܇bi A‡hvM¨| Z…ZxqZ: GwU GKwU mvgwqK eÜb hv †Kvb wec` n‡Z AvZ¥i¶v‡_© D™¢~Z, wKš‘ gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK myw¯’i Ae¯’vq Gi Aw¯—Z¡ _v‡Kbv| Kv‡RB †`kvZ¥‡evaK eÜb gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ †Kvb Dchy³ eÜb bq|

Abyiƒcfv‡e, RvZxqZvev`x eÜbI wb‡gœv³ wZbwU Kvi‡Y Abychy³| cÖ_gZ: GwU GK ai‡Yi ‡MvôxMZ eÜb hv gvby‡li c~bR©vMi‡Yi c‡_ cvi¯úwiK eÜb eRvq ivLvi †¶‡Î h_v_© bq| wØZxqZ: GwU GKai‡Yi Av‡eMRwbZ eÜb hv †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wËi Zvobvq KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi AvKvsLv †_‡K D™¢~Z| Z…ZxqZ: GwU GKai‡Yi AgvbweK eÜb KviY GwU KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ gvby‡l gvby‡l msNvZ m„wó K‡i| Kv‡RB gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ GwU Dchy³ bq|

GQvov Av‡iv wKQy Amvi eÜb i‡q‡Q, hv‡`i fyjµ‡g gvby‡li ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK eÜb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq, Avi Zv n‡”Q ¯^v‡_©i eÜb (Avi ivweZvn Avj gvmjvwnq¨vn) Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K eÜb (Avi ivweZvn Avj i“wnq¨vn)| G eÜb ¸‡jv †_‡K †Kvb Rxeb e¨e¯’v weKwkZ nqbv|

¯^v‡_©i eÜb GKwU mvgwqK eÜb Ges gvbeRvwZ‡K cvi¯úwiK e܇b `„p ivLvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| Gai‡Yi e܇b eo jv‡fi Avkvq Av‡cvl Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K| Kv‡RB ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq jv‡fi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Gi Aw¯—Z¡ wejyß nq| Avevi cvi¯úwiK ¯^v_© wfbœ n‡q †M‡jI Gi cwimgvwß N‡U| GQvov hLb ¯^v_© wmw× n‡q hvq, ZLb G ai‡Yi eÜb Avi eRvq _v‡Kbv| Kv‡RB AbymiYKvix‡`i Rb¨ GwU GKwU wec`RbK eÜb|

Ava¨vwZ¥K eÜb †_‡K †Kvb Rxeb e¨e¯’v m„wó nqbv| GwU D™¢~Z nq avwg©KZv †_‡K Ges Rxe‡bi mKj wel‡qi mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤úK© _v‡Kbv| Kv‡RB Ava¨vwZ¥K eÜb GKwU AvswkK I Aev¯—e eÜb Ges Rxe‡bi hveZxq wel‡q gvbyl‡K ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †eu‡a ivL‡Z Dchy³ bq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc,  BD‡ivcxq RvwZ ¸‡jvi gv‡S eÜb ˆZix‡Z L„óxq wek¦vm †Kvb Kv‡R Av‡mwb, hw`I ev Zviv mK‡jB L„óvb ag© MÖnY K‡iwQj| KviY GwU wQj Rxeb e¨e¯’v ïb¨ GKai‡Yi Ava¨vwZ¥K eÜb|

Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ eÜb mg~‡ni †KvbwUB gvbyl‡K Zvi cybR©vMi‡Yi c‡_ †eu‡a ivLvi Dchy³ bq| GKgvÎ eÜb hv gvbeRvwZ‡K mwVK e܇b Ave× Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡”Q eyw×e„wËK wek¦vm (AvKx`v) hv ‡_‡K GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v weKwkZ nq A_©vr GwU GKwU Av`wk©K eÜb (Avi ivweZvn Avj gve`vBq¨vn)

Rxebv`k© (gve`vÕ/Øxb &) n‡”Q GKai‡Yi eyw×e„wËK wek¦vm hv †_‡K GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v weKwkZ nq| AvKx`v (gZev`) n‡”Q gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwek¦ Ges G Rxe‡bi c~‡e© wK wQj I c‡i wK Av‡Q, Ges Zvi mv‡_ Rxe‡bi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wel‡q GKwU mvgwMÖK aviYv| G AvKx`v †_‡K †h Rxeb e¨e¯’v DrmvwiZ nq Zv‡Z _v‡K gvby‡li mgm¨v ¸‡jvi mgvavb, H mgvavb ev¯—evqb, wek¦vm i¶v I cÖPv‡ii GKwU mvgwMÖK c×wZ| mgvavb ev¯—evq‡bi Dcvq, wek¦vm msi¶Y I Rxebv`k©© cÖPv‡ii cÖwµqv wb‡q MwVZ nq ZwiKv (c×wZ)| AvKx`v I mgvavb wb‡q MwVZ nq wdKivn (aviYv)| djZ: Rxebv`k© MwVZ nq aviYv (wdKivn) Ges c×wZ (ZwiKvn) Gi mgš^‡q|

gvby‡li wPš—vkxj g‡b GKwU Rxebv`‡k©i (gve`vÕ/ Øxb ) DrcwË n‡Z cv‡i `ywU Dcv‡q - Avj­vni HkxevYxi gva¨‡g hv‡Z GwU cÖPv‡ii Av‡`k _vK‡e A_ev †Kvb we‡kl ‡PŠKl †gavex e¨w³i wbKU n‡Z| †h Rxebv`k© Av‡m Avj­vni HkxevYxi gva¨‡g †mwUB mwVK, KviY GwU G‡m‡Q gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwe‡k¦i mªóv Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvjvi wbKU n‡Z| Kv‡RB GwU Aek¨B mwVK Rxebv`k© (gve`vÕ/Øxb )| Ab¨w`‡K †h Rxebv`k© †Kvb AmvaviY ‡gavm¤úbœ gvby‡li gw¯—‡®‹ Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q, Zv åvš—| KviY GwU Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q GKwU mxgve× g‡b hv gnvwe‡k¦i mKj welq‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z I AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z A¶g| GQvov gvby‡li msMVb ¶gZv Amg, ˆelg¨c~Y©, ‰ecix‡Z¨ c~Y© Ges cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ| d‡j †m GKwU Am½wZc~Y© Rxeb e¨e¯’vi Rb¥ †`q hv gvbyl‡K `yM©wZi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| Kv‡RB gvby‡li gb n‡Z DrmvwiZ Rxebv`k©, AvKx`vi wePv‡i åvš—, Ges G åvš— AvKx`v †_‡K †h Rxeb e¨e¯’v DrmvwiZ nq ZvI åvš—|

djZ: †h †Kvb Rxebv`‡k©i wfwË n‡”Q gvbyl, Rxeb Ges gnvwek¦ m¤úwK©Z mvgwMÖK aviYv (Avj wdKwiq¨vn Avj Kzwj­q¨vn) Ges GKwU ZixKv hv Rxebv`k©‡K ev¯—e iƒc †`q Ges Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Awe‡”Q`¨ fv‡e G Rxebv`k© ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g Gi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ K‡i| GB mvgwMÖK aviYvwU Rxebv`‡k©i wfwË ‡h‡nZz GwU AvKx`v Ges eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡| G mvgwMÖK aviYvi wfwˇZ gvby‡li eyw×e„wËK w`Kwb‡`©kbv I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x wba©vwiZ nq| GQvovI Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB Rxeb m¤ú‡K© mKj wPš—vaviv M‡o D‡V Ges Rxe‡bi mKj mgm¨vi mgvavbI GiB wfwˇZ n‡q _v‡K| ZwiKvn (c×wZ) ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KviY, AvKx`v (gZev`/gZv`k©) †_‡K DrmvwiZ e¨e¯’vq hw` Gi ev¯—evqb c×wZ, AvKx`vi msi¶Y Ges cÖPv‡ii Dcvq Aš—f©~³ bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv GKai‡Yi cÖ¯—vebv I KvíwbK `k©‡b cwiYZ n‡e hv ïay eB cy¯—‡KB wjwce× _vK‡e wKš‘ c„w_ex‡Z Zvi †Kvb cÖfve _vK‡ebv| Kv‡RB Rxebv`k©© †K ev¯—e iƒc w`‡Z n‡j, AvKx`v (gZev`), mgm¨vi mgvavb Ges ZwiKvn (c×wZ) G meKwUB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Aek¨ ïaygvÎ aviYv (wdKivn) I c×wZi (ZwiKvn) Dcw¯’wZ hv †_‡K GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v DrmvwiZ nq, cÖgvY K‡ibv †h †mB Rxebv`k©©wU mwVK| GwU wb‡`©k K‡i †h GwU GKwU Rxebv`k©© gvÎ Avi wKQyB bq| †h welqwU Rxebv`‡k©i mZ¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i Zv n‡”Q Gi AvKx`v| KviY AvKx`vB n‡”Q Rxeb m¤úwK©Z eyw×e„wËK wfwË (Avj Kvwq`vn Avj wdKwiq¨vn) hvi Dci wfwË K‡i mKj wPš—vaviv MwVZ nq, `„wóf½x wba©vwiZ nq, hvi gva¨‡g mKj mgvavb I c×wZ DrmvwiZ nq| Kv‡RB AvKx`v ev eyw×e„wËK wfwË hw` mwVK nq Z‡eB Rxebv`k©© (gve`vÕ/Øxb ) wU mwVK n‡e Avi hw` Zv åvš— nq Z‡e ‡Mvov‡ZB Rxebv`k©© (gve`vÕ/Øxb ) åvš— n‡e|

hw` mvgwMÖK aviYvwU (AvKx`v) gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ (wdZivn)Õi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nq, Ges eyw×e„wËK g‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V, Z‡e GwU mwVK n‡e| wKš‘ hw` GwU gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ (wdZivn) Gi mv‡_ AmvgÄm¨c~Y© nq, Ges eyw×e„wËK g‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o bv D‡V Z‡e GwU åvš— n‡e| gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZi (wdZivn) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© ej‡Z †evSvq AvKx`vwU gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK `ye©jZv ¸‡jv Abyaveb K‡i Ges Zvi Rb¨ mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix m„wóKZ©vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvwU Dcjwä K‡i| A_©vr GwU Zvi ag©xq mnvRvZ cÖe„wË (Zv`vBq¨~b) ‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i| eyw×e„wËK g‡bi Dci M‡o DVv AvKx`v (gZev`) ej‡Z †evSvq GwU e¯‘ev` ev Av‡cv‡li wfwˇZ M‡o D‡Vwb|

Avgiv hw` c„w_ex‡Z we`¨gvb Rxebv`k©©¸‡jv cix¶v K‡i †`wL Z‡e †`Le G‡`i msL¨v gvÎ wZbwU| ‡m¸‡jv n‡”Q, cuywRev` (K¨vwcUvwjRg), mgvRZš¿ (KwgDwbRg) Ges Bmjvg| cÖ_g `y‡Uv Rxebv`k©© we‡k¦i wewfbœ iv‡óª ev¯—evwqZ n‡”Q wKš‘ †Kvb ivóª Bmjvg ev¯—vevqb Ki‡Qbv eis e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q wKQy gvbyl GwU‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Z‡e hvB †nvK bv †Kb Avš—R©vwZK we‡k¦ Gi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q|

cuywRev‡`i wfwË n‡”Q Rxeb, mgvR I ivóª †_‡K a‡g©i c„_KxKiY| GB aviYv (wdKivn) wU Zvi AvKx`v (gZev`), Gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ (wK¡qv`vZzj wdKwiq¨vn) Ges eyw×e„wËK wfwË (K¡vwq`vn wdKwiq¨vn)| †h‡nZz GwU Zvi eyw×e„wËK wfwË †m‡nZz cuywRev`x e¨e¯’vq gvbyl Zvi Rxeb e¨e¯’v wb‡RB iPbv K‡i| d‡j cuywRev`x Av`k© wek¦vm K‡i gvby‡li Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ Pvi cÖKv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv‡K msi¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q, wek¦v‡mi ¯^vaxbZv (ûiwiq¨vZ Dj AvKx`vn), gZvg‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv (ûiwiq¨vZ Di ivC), gvwjKvbvi ¯^vaxbZv (ûiwiq¨vZ Dj wgjwKq¨vn), Ges e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZ (ûiwiq¨vZ Dk kvKwmq¨vn)| gvwjKvbvi ¯^vaxbZv †_‡KB cuywRev`x A_©bxwZ e¨e¯’vi Rb¥ Avi GwUB GB Av`‡k©i (gve`vÕ/ Øxb ) me‡P‡q cÖavb ˆewkó¨| GwU GB Av`‡k©i (gve`v/ Øxb ) wek¦vm (AvKx`v) n‡Z D™¢~Z me‡P‡q D‡j­L‡hvM¨ welqI e‡U| Avi G Kvi‡YB G Av`‡k©i (gve`vÕ) me‡P‡q D‡j­L‡hvM¨ DcKi‡Yi bv‡g Gi bvg n‡q‡Q cyuwRev`|

MYZš¿, hv‡K G Av`‡k©i mv‡_ GK K‡i †`Lv nq, Zvi A_© n‡”Q gvbyl Zvi wb‡Ri Rxeb e¨e¯’v ˆZix K‡i| Kv‡RB RbMY ¶gZvi Drm| RbMYB Rxeb e¨e¯’v ˆZix K‡i, ZvivB ivóª cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ kvmK wbhy³ K‡i I cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi KZ©„Z¡ †K‡o †bq Ges RbMYB Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx kvmK‡K kvmb Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| KviY G Rxeb e¨e¯’vq kvmb KZ©„Z¡ RbMY I kvm‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z GKai‡Yi Pzw³ ‡hLv‡b RbM‡Yi cQ›` Kiv kvmbKZ©v  G e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx Zv‡`i cwiPvjbv Ki‡e|

hw`I MYZš¿ cuywRev‡`i GKwU Ask, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I GwU Zvi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi †P‡q Kg D‡j­L‡hvM¨| KviY cwð‡gi cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v miKvi‡K Ggbfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i †h, cÖK…Z c‡¶ cyuwRcwZivB (cyuwRi AwaKvix) Kvh©Ki fv‡e cyuwRev`x Rxebv`k©© MÖnYKvix †`k¸‡jvi cÖK…Z kvm‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GQvovI, MYZš¿ ïaygvÎ G Av`‡k©i g‡a¨B mxgve× bq, KviY mgvRZš¿xivI wb‡R‡`i MYZš¿x wnmv‡e `vex K‡i Ges e‡j _v‡K †`‡ki kvmb ¶gZv RbM‡YiB| Kv‡RB G Rxebv`k©©‡K cuywRev`x Rxebv`k©© ev cuywRev` ejvB AwaKZi mwVK|

G Rxebv`k©©wUi weKvk N‡U hLb BD‡ivc I ivwkqvi ivRv I mgªvUMY ag©‡K mvaviY Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci wbh©vZb, AZ¨vPvi I ‡kvlY Kivi GKwU gva¨g wnmv‡e e¨envi KiwQj| G Kv‡Ri nvwZqvi wnmv‡e Zviv ag© hvRK †kªbx‡K e¨envi K‡iwQj| Gi d‡j GK i³¶qx msN‡l©i Rb¥ nq ‡hLv‡b GK‡kªbxi `vk©wbK I wPš—vwe` ag©‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c A¯^xKvi K‡i| evKxiv a‡g©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI GwU‡K Rxeb †_‡K c„_K K‡i ‡djvi `vex Zzjj| Ae‡k‡l AwaKvsk `vk©wbK I wPš—vwe` GKwU g‡Z w¯’i n‡qwQj Avi Zv n‡”Q Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K c„_KxKiY| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Gi cwiYwZ‡Z ivóª †_‡K ag©‡K c„_K K‡i †djv n‡qwQj| Gfv‡e ag© MÖnY †hvM¨ bv eR©bxq G welqwU Gwo‡q wM‡q Av‡jvPbv ïaygvÎ mxgve× n‡q coj ivóª †_‡K ag©‡K c„_KxKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi wel‡q| G aviYvwU †K GKai‡Yi Av‡cvlg~jK mgvavb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq, †hLv‡b GKw`‡K wQj ag©hvRK, hviv a‡g©i bv‡g mewKQy‡KB wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z †Póv KiZ Avi Aci c‡¶ wQj Ggb `vk©wbK I wPš—vwe` hviv ag© Ges hvRK‡kªYxi KZ©„Z¡ m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c A¯^xKvi KiZ| d‡j G aviYvwU ag©‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e A¯^xKvi K‡iwb Avevi Rxe‡bi Ab¨vb¨ ‡¶‡Î a‡g©i n¯—‡¶cI Aby‡gv`b K‡iwb| eis GwU Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K c„_K K‡i w`j gvÎ| djZ: cwðgv‡`i M„nxZ G AvKx`v (gZev`) n‡”Q Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K c„_KxKiY| GB AvKx`vB (gZev`) n‡”Q Zv‡`i eyw×e„wËK wfwË hvi Dci wbf©i K‡i gvby‡li Rxeb m¤ú‡K© mKj wPš—vaviYv, eyw×e„wËK w`Kwb‡`©kbv Ges `„wóf½x M‡o D‡V hvi gva¨‡g ‡m Zvi hveZxq mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i| GwUB n‡”Q cwðgv‡`i eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ hv Zviv enb Ki‡Q Ges †MvUv wek¦‡K hvi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Ki‡Q|

Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K c„_KxKi‡Yi welqwU cÖ”Qbœfv‡e ag©‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Gi gva¨‡g ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq †h gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxe‡bi GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Q Ges cybi“Ìvb w`emI msNwUZ n‡e, KviY GwU n‡”Q a‡g©i g~j| G ai‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ, gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxeb Ges Zvi c~‡e© I c‡i wK Av‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv †`q, KviY GwU ag©‡K A¯^xKvi K‡iwb| eis hLbB Gi c„_KxKi‡Yi `vex D‡VwQj ZLbB cÖ”Qbœ fv‡e Gi Aw¯—Z¡ wbwðZ n‡qwQj| Gi gva¨‡g †h aviYvwUi AeZviYv nj, Zv n‡”Q  G Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Rxe‡bi c~‡e©i I c‡ii welq¸‡jvi †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| ag©‡K Rxeb ‡_‡K c„_KxKi‡Yi `vexwU ag©‡K ïaygvÎ e¨w³ gvby‡li mv‡_ Zvi mªóvi m¤úK© ˆZixi GKwU gva¨g wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`j| GB AvKx`v (wek¦vm - Rxeb †_‡K a‡g©i c„_KxKiY) gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GKwU mvgwMÖK aviYv ˆZix K‡i| Gfv‡eB cuywRev` Ab¨vb¨ Av`‡k©i gZB GKwU Rxebv`k©©|

mgvRZš¿ wek¦vm K‡i, gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxeb ïaygvÎ c`v_© Ges c`v_©B n‡”Q mKj wel‡qi Drm| c`v‡_©i weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mKj wRwbm Aw¯—Z¡ jvf K‡i‡Q Kv‡RB c`v‡_©i evB‡i Avi wKQyB †bB| Kv‡RB c`v_©B n‡”Q Abš— I Abvw` Ges hv ‡KD m„wó K‡iwb, Gi Aw¯—Z¡ Acwinvh© (IqvwRe Dj DRy`), wPi¯’vqx, Ges ¯^xq Aw¯—‡Z¡ we`¨gvb, A_©vr Kv‡iv Øviv m„ó bq| mgvRZš¿xiv GRb¨ A¯^xKvi K‡i †h c`v_©‡K GKRb m„wóKZ©v  ˆZix K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB Zviv mKj cÖKvi Ava¨vwZ¥KZv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Zv‡`i g‡Z Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi ¯^xK…wZ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ wec¾bK| djZ Zviv Av‡iv e‡j †h, ag© n‡”Q MYgvby‡li Avwdg ¯^iƒc hv RbMY‡K Z›`ªv”Qbœ K‡i iv‡L Ges KvR Ki‡Z cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i| Zviv c`v_© Qvov Avi wKQy‡ZB wek¦vm K‡ibv, GgbwK wPš—v fvebv‡KI gw¯—‡®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖwZdjb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| Kv‡RB Zv‡`i g‡Z c`v_©B mKj wPš—vaviv I e¯‘i Drm, Ges Gi e¯‘MZ weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mKj e¯‘i DrcwË N‡U‡Q| GKB fv‡e Zviv m„wóKZ©vi Aw¯—Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i I c`v_©‡K Abš— Amxg wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| Gfv‡e Zviv Rxe‡bi c~‡e© I c‡i wK Av‡Q Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges G Rxeb Qvov Ab¨ wKQyB ¯^xKvi K‡ibv|

hw`I G `ywU Av`‡k©i gv‡S AvKx`vMZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zviv GKgZ ‡h, gvbe Rxe‡bi D”PZi AvKvsLv gvbe iwPZ g~j¨‡eva KZ©„K wba©vwiZ n‡e| Kv‡RB Zv‡`i `„wó‡Z myL (happiness)  n‡”Q m‡e©v”P gvÎvi Cw›`ªqMZ cwiZzwó ev Dc‡fvM| Zv‡`i g‡Z GwUB myL AR©‡bi gva¨g, GgbwK myL gv‡bB Giƒc Dc‡fvM| Dfq Rxebv`k©©B e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZv i¶vi e¨cv‡i GKgZ, Kv‡RB my‡Li Rb¨ gvbyl Zvi cQ›` I AvKvsLv Abyhvqx, hZ¶Y B”Qv ZZ¶Y hv B‡”Q Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv Dfq Rxebv`k©©B gwngvwš^Z (cweÎxKiY) K‡i|

Dfq Rxebv`k©©B e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri aviYvi †¶‡Î wfbœ gZ ‡cvlY K‡i| cuywRev` n‡”Q e¨vw³Zvš¿xK Rxebv`k©© †hLv‡b mgvR‡K e¨w³i mgwó wnmv‡e †`Lv nq| mgv‡Ri cÖwZ Gi g‡bv‡hvM †MŠY, eis e¨w³i cÖwZ G Rxebv`k©© †ekx g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv‡K wbivc` Kiv‡K GwU †ekx ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q _v‡K| wb‡Ri e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKRb e¨w³ ïaygvÎ wb‡Ri Rb¨ mgv‡R KvR K‡i| wek¦v‡mi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡iKwU welq hv‡K G Av`‡k© Lye †ekx gwngvwš^Z Kiv nq| gvwjKvbvi ¯^vaxbZv‡KI G Av`‡k© gwngvwš^Z Kiv nq, Ges GwU ‡Kvb bxwZ Øviv wbqwš¿Z bq eis miKvi Øviv wbqwš¿Z hv ïaygvÎ e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n¯—‡¶c K‡i| miKvi cywjk I AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g G wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv K‡i| myZivs ivóª‡K GKwU gva¨g wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| mve©‡fŠgZ¡ P~ovš— fv‡e e¨w³ gvby‡li Rb¨, iv‡óªi Rb¨ bq| Gfv‡e cyuwRev‡`i GK ai‡Yi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ i‡q‡Q Ges Zv n‡”Q Rxeb †_‡K ag©‡K c„_KxKiY| GB †bZ…‡Z¡i Dci wfwË K‡iB cuywRev` Zvi Rxeb e¨e¯’v ev¯—evqb K‡i, Zvi cÖwZ AvnŸvb K‡i Ges GwU me©Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv K‡i|

mgvRZš¿ n‡”Q GKwU Rxebv`k©© †hLv‡b mgvR‡K †`Lv nq gvby‡li mvaviY mgwó I cÖK…wZi mv‡_ Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K©i Ask wnmv‡e| Kv‡RB gvbyl Awbevh©fv‡e I ¯^qswµq fv‡e GB m¤ú‡K©i Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| GB mgwó GKwU GKK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq Ges GwU n‡”Q gvbyl, cÖK…wZ Ges Zv‡`i m¤úK© hvi mgš^‡q GKwU m¤ú~Y© welq MwVZ nq, ci¯úi wew”Qbœ wKQy bq| cÖK…wZ‡K gvby‡li e¨w³‡Z¡i Ask wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq hv †m wb‡Ri gv‡S enb K‡i P‡j‡Q| gvbyl Zvi e¨w³‡Z¡i G Ask A_©vr cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mshy³ bv †_‡K weKwkZ n‡Z cv‡ibv| KviY gvby‡li cÖK…wZi mv‡_ m¤úK© ‡hb †Kvb wbR¯^ wel‡qi mv‡_ we`¨gvb m¤ú‡K©i gZ| Gfv‡e mgvR‡K GKwU GKK wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq †hLv‡b Gi wZbwU Dcv`vb (gvbyl, cÖK…wZ I Zv‡`i m¤úK©) GKB mv‡_ weKwkZ nq| Kv‡RB gvbyl‡KI G mgwóMZ weKv‡ki mv‡_B AMÖmi n‡Z nq, A‡bKUv GKwU PvKvi Af¨š—i¯’ kjvKv (‡¯úvK) Gi gZ| Kv‡RB mgv‡RZ‡š¿ †Kvb e¨w³MZ wek¦vm I e¨w³MZ A_©‰bwZK gvwjKvbvi ¯^vaxbZv †bB| wek¦vm I A_©bxwZ †K iv‡óªi B”Qvbyhvqx wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| djZ: ivóª n‡”Q GKwU welq hv G ai‡Yi Av`‡k© gwngvwš^Z Kiv nq| GB e¯‘ev`x `k©b †_‡K Rxeb e¨e¯’v weKwkZ n‡q‡Q, Ges A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v‡K cÖv_wgK wfwË I Ab¨ mKj e¨e¯’vi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e mgvRZš¿ GKwU eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i‡Q hv n‡”Q e¯‘ev` I e¯‘ev`x weeZ©b hvi wfwˇZ MwVZ Rxeb e¨e¯’v Øviv kvmb K‡i, Gi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvq Ges me©Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv K‡i|

Bmjvg wek¦vm K‡i †h gvbyl, Rxeb I gnvwe‡k¦i D‡aŸ© GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Qb, whwb me wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB Gi wfwË n‡”Q Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Aw¯—‡Z¡ `„p wek¦vm| GB AvKx`vB n‡”Q GKgvÎ wfwË hv mewKQyi Ava¨vwZ¥K ˆewkó¨ wbw`©ó K‡i †`q Avi Zv n‡”Q gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxeb Gme wKQyB GKRb m„wóKZ©v m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gnvwe‡k¦i mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤úK© n‡”Q Avj­vn Gi m„wóKZ©v I GwU Avj­vni m„wó, Rxe‡bi Avj­vni m¤úK© n‡”Q wZwb Gi m„wóKZ©v I GwU Avj­vni m„wó Ges gvby‡li mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤úK© n‡”Q Avj­vn gvby‡li m„wóKZ©v I gvbyl Avj­vni m„wó| G m¤úK©B n‡”Q gnvwe‡k¦i, Rxe‡bi I gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K ˆewkó¨| Kv‡RB AvZ¥vwa¨Kv (iƒnvwbq¨vZ) n‡”Q gvby‡li mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤ú‡K©i Dcjwä|

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Kv‡RB gvby‡li D”PZi AvKvsLv gvbeiwPZ g~j¨‡eva Øviv wbqwš¿Z bq eis Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Av‡`k I wb‡la Øviv wba©vwiZ hv w¯’i (AcwieZ©bxq), hv cwiewZ©Z nqbv wKsev weewZ©ZI nqbv| mgv‡Ri Ae¶q cÖwZ‡iva Kivi j‡¶¨ Bmjvg gvby‡li Rxeb, gb, gh©v`v, e¨w³MZ m¤úwË, ag© I iv‡óªi wbivcËv msi¶Y, Rxe‡bi D”PZi Av`k© wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i| G welq¸‡jv cwieZ©b wKsev weeZ©b mv‡c¶ bq| Bmjvg G mKj w¯’i j¶¨mg~n i¶v‡_© K‡Vvi kvw¯—‡hvM¨ e¨e¯’v ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| G j¶¨¸‡jv i¶v Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK, KviY G¸‡jvi ˆelwqK g~‡j¨i (mydj) Rb¨ bq, eis G‡¶‡Î Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi my¯úó Av‡`k ev wb‡la i‡q‡Q| GKB fv‡e gymwjg I ivóª cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Avj­vni Av‡`k ev wb‡la Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z eva¨, KviY G¸‡jv (Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la) gvby‡li KvRKg© I mKj welqvw`‡K mymsMwVZ K‡i| Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la Abyhvqx KvR KivB GKgvÎ Dcvq hvi gva¨‡g gymwjg‡`i cÖkvwš— AwR©Z nq| Kv‡RB myL gv‡b Cw›`ªqMZ cwiZzwó ev Dc‡fvM bq, eis GwU n‡”Q Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi mš‘wó AR©b|

gvby‡li ˆRweK Pvwn`v I mnRvZ cÖe„wˇK Bmjvg Ggb fv‡e mymsMwVZ K‡i‡Q †h Zv G‡`i meKwUiB cwiZ…wßi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ K‡i| †hgb ‡c‡Ui Pvwn`v, Drcv`‡bi Pvwn`v wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb Pvwn`v| gvby‡li ˆRweK Pvwn`v I mnRvZ cÖe„wˇK Bmjvg mymsMwVZ K‡i‡Q - GK_vwUi A_© GB bq †h- GKwU Pvwn`vi ¶wZ K‡i Ab¨ Pvwn`vi cwiZ…wß wKsev †Kvb Pvwn`v Aew`gZ Kiv wKsev †Kvb Pvwn`v jvMvgnxb fv‡e †Q‡o †`qv wKsev mKj Pvwn`vB jvMvgnxb †Q‡o †`qv| eis Bmjvg G me Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i‡Q Ges me Pvwn`v‡KB cwiZzó K‡i‡Q GKwU my² e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g hv gvbyl‡K Avb›` I ¯^w¯— †`q, Ges Zv‡K cÖe„wËi eêvnxb e¨env‡i gva¨‡g cïi mgch©v‡q †b‡g hvIqvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|

gvby‡li ‰RweK Pvwn`v I cÖe„wËi Rb¨ GKwU mymsMwVZ e¨e¯’v cÖYqb Ki‡Z Bmjvg mgvR‡K GKwU AwefvR¨ mgwó wnmv‡e Ges e¨w³‡K mgv‡Ri Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| Aek¨ mgv‡Ri Ask ej‡Z e¨w³ †K GKwU PvKvi kjvKv (†¯úvK) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nqbv eis mgMÖ ‡`‡ni GKwU Ask wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq, ‡hgb nvZ †`‡ni GKwU Ask| Kv‡RB Bmjvg e¨w³‡K mgv‡Ri Ask wnmv‡eB we‡ePbv K‡i Zvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q, mgvR †_‡K c„_K K‡i bq| Zvi hZœ †bqvi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri wbivcËv msiw¶Z nq| GKB mg‡q Bmjvg mgvR‡K A½cÖZ¨½nxb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i `vwqZ¡ †bqwb eis Zvi mKj A½cÖZ¨½ mn, hv mgv‡Ri e¨w³ gvby‡li mgš^‡q MwVZ Ggb c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q hv mgv‡Ri hZœ †bqvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU e¨w³ gvby‡li wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i| gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` (m:) e‡j‡Qb,

Òhviv Avj­vni mxgv (û`y`) i¶v K‡i Ges hviv Zv Agvb¨ K‡i Zv‡`i D`vniY n‡”Q Giƒc ‡hb Zviv GKwU †bŠKvi mnhvÎx| G‡`i g‡a¨ KZK Dc‡ii Z‡ji Awaevmx Ges KZK wb‡Pi Z‡ji Awaevmx| wb‡Pi Zjvi Awaevmx‡`i cvwbi Rb¨ Dc‡ii Zjvq ‡h‡Z nq| GLb hw` Zviv g‡b K‡i †h, mivmwi cvwb Avni‡Yi Rb¨ Dc‡ii Awaevmx‡`i mgm¨v bv K‡i Avgiv wb‡RivB wb‡P GKwU wQ`ª K‡i wbB Ges hw` Dc‡ii Awaevmxiv GwU Ki‡Z evav bv †`q Z‡e djkÖ“wZ‡Z mKj AwfhvÎxB Wy‡e hv‡e| Avi hw` Zviv G Kv‡R evav †`q Z‡e mKj hvÎxB i¶v cv‡e|Ó

mgvR I e¨w³i cÖwZ G `„wóf½x mgvR m¤ú‡K© GKwU Abb¨ aviYv ¯’vcb K‡i| mgv‡Ri Ask wnmv‡e cÖwZwU e¨w³i wPš—v (AvdKvi) _vKv eva¨Zvg~jK hv Zv‡`i GK‡Î †eu‡a ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges hvi gva¨‡g Zviv Rxeb hvcb K‡i| Zv‡`i GKB iK‡gi Av‡eM (gvkvÕqi) nIqv eva¨Zvg~jK hv Øviv Zviv cÖfvweZ nq Ges hvi gva¨‡g Zviv mvg‡b AMÖmi nq| GQvov Zv‡`i GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v _vKv cÖ‡qvRb hvi gva¨‡g Zviv Rxe‡bi mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i| Gfv‡e mgvR MwVZ nq, e¨w³, wPš—vaviv, Av‡eM I e¨e¯’vi mgš^‡q| gvby‡li GB wPš—vaviv, Av‡eM I e¨e¯’vi e܇bi gva¨‡g G Rxe‡b ci¯úi Ave× _vKv evÃbxq| Gfv‡e gvbyl G Rxe‡b G wPš—vaviv, Av‡eM I e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z nq| Kv‡RB GKRb gymwj‡gi Rxeb Bmjvg Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq Ges Zvi †Kvb cÖKvi ¯^vaxbZv †bB| Kv‡RB gymwjg‡`i AvKx`v Bmjv‡gi mxgv Øviv wbqwš¿Z Ges G‡K Awbqwš¿Z Ae¯’vq †Q‡o †`qv nqwb| djZ: †KD Bmjvg cwiZ¨vM Ki‡j Zv gvivZ¥K kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq Ges †m AbyZß bv n‡j Zvi ag©Z¨v‡Mi kvw¯— wnmv‡e g„Z¨y`‡Ûi weavb †`qv n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e, e¨w³MZ welq¸‡jv‡ZI Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g wbqš¿b ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs, whbv GKwU Aciva hvi Rb¨ e¨vwfPvixi cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc AbyK¤úv e¨vwZ‡i‡K cÖvKvk¨ Rbmg‡¶ Pig kvw¯—i weavb †`qv n‡q‡Q|

Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,

ÒZv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU `j _vK‡e hviv kvw¯—i cÖZ¨¶`k©x n‡e|Ó (myiv Avb-b~i: AvqvZ 2)

Abyiƒcfv‡e g`¨cvb GKwU Aciva hvi Rb¨ kvw¯—i weavb i‡q‡Q| A‡b¨i cÖwZ AvMÖvmb GKai‡Yi Aciva †hLv‡b Aciv‡ai cÖKvi‡f` Abyhvqx kvw¯—i gvÎv wewfbœ nq; †hgb whbvi wg_¨v Acev`, nZ¨v BZ¨vw`| A_©‰bwZK welq¸‡jv kixqvi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z nq Ges kixqvi Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú‡`i AwaKvi, cÖK…wZ I e¨env‡ii wbqš¿b cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q| djZ: G wbqš¿b mg~n Agvb¨ KivI Aciva Ges jsN‡bi cÖKvi‡f` Abyhvqx kvw¯—i gvÎv wba©vwiZ; †hgb Pzwi, WvKvwZ BZ¨vw`| Kv‡RB mgvR I e¨w³ Dfq‡K i¶v I Rxeb e¨e¯’v ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvRb| GKB mv‡_ Bmjvgx Rxeb Av`k© Zvi Abymvix‡`i Ggbfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i hv‡Z K‡i Gi cÖwZi¶vi welqwU ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB RbM‡Yi ga¨ ‡_‡K Av‡m| Gfv‡e Rxebv`k©©B gvbyl‡K wbqš¿b K‡i Ges (†MvUv mgvR‡K) i¶v K‡i Ges ivóª Zv (AvBb Kvbyb) ev¯—evwqZ K‡i| Kv‡RB mve©‡fŠgZ¡ (wmqv`v) kixqvÕi Rb¨, D¤§vn wKsev iv‡óªi Rb¨ bq, hw`I KZ©„Z¡ (myjZvb) D¤§vni Rb¨ Ges GwU iv‡óª cÖKvk cvq| Kv‡RB ivóª n‡”Q e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qv‡Mi c×wZ, hw`I e¨w³ gvby‡li Avj­vnfxi“ZvB (ZvK¡Iqv) Bmjv‡gi wbqgKvbyb ¸‡jv gvbv I Zvi Dci AwawôZ _vKvi welqwU wbwðZ K‡i| Kv‡RB iv‡óªi gva¨‡g AvBb Kvbyb cÖ‡qvM I wek¦vmx‡`i cÖwZ GKwU w`Kwb‡`©kbv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb hv Zv‡`i ZvK¡Iqvi Aby‡cÖiYvq Bmjvg †g‡b Pj‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Kv‡RB Bmjvg n‡”Q AvKx`v I Rxeb e¨e¯’vi GKwU mgwš^Z iƒc Ges Bmjvgx Rxebv`k©© n‡”Q GKwU wdKiv I GKwU ZixKvn hv wdKivnÕi Abyiƒc| Bmjvgx Rxeb e¨e¯’v Zvi AvKx`v n‡Z weKwkZ Ges Bmjvgx nv`vivn (mf¨Zv) GKwU Abb¨ Rxeb c×wZ| Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn cÖPv‡ii c×wZwU n‡”Q iv‡óªi cÖwZôv I Gi gva¨‡g wek¦evmxi wbKU Gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K wb‡q hvIqv hv Zv‡`i Bmjvg Abyaveb I cvj‡bi wfwË n‡e| mgv‡R h_vh_ e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi cÖwZôv‡KB Bmjvgx `vIqv wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq KviY Agymwjg‡`i cÖwZ Bmjvg cÖ‡qvM Kiv‡KB Bmjvgx `vIqvni e¨envwiK c×wZ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| G cÖ‡qvM c×wZwUB Bmjvgx we‡k¦i D™¢e NUv‡Z e¨vcK cÖfve we¯—vi K‡iwQj|

ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j, we‡k¦ wZbwU Rxebv`k©© we`¨gvb, cyuwRev`, mgvRZš¿ Ges Z…ZxqwU n‡”Q Bmjvg| G wZbwU Rxebv`‡k©i cÖwZwUi i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ AvKx`v (gZev`/wek¦vm) hv †_‡K weKwkZ nq GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v, gvby‡li mKj KvR m¤úv`‡bi mywbw`©ó gvcKvwV, mgv‡Ri cÖwZ GKwU mywbw`©ó `„wóf½x Ges Rxeb e¨e¯’v ev¯—evq‡bi GKwU mywbw`©ó c×wZ|

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`ywU Kvi‡Y G `„wóf½x åvš—| cÖ_gZ: gw¯—®‹ I c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ †Kvb cÖwZdjb N‡Ubv| gw¯—‡®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖwZdjb N‡Ubv wKsev c`v‡_©I gw¯—‡®‹i cÖwZdjb N‡Ubv| KviY †Kvb e¯‘‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z n‡j Zvi g‡a¨ cÖwZdjb ag© _vK‡Z n‡e, †hgb Avqbv| c`v_© wKsev gw¯—‡®‹i G ˆewkó¨ †bB| Kv‡RB gw¯—®‹ I c`v‡_©i gv‡S †Kvbiƒc cÖwZdjb N‡Ubv, c`v_© gw¯—‡®‹ cÖwZdwjZ nqbv wKsev ¯’vbvš—wiZI nqbv| eis c`v‡_©i Abyf~wZ ¸‡jv gw¯—‡®‹ ms‡e`bkxj Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq| gw¯—‡®‹ c`v‡_©i Abyf~wZ, gw¯—‡®‹ c`v‡_©i †Kvb cÖwZdjb bq wKsev c`v‡_© gw¯—‡®‹i cÖwZdjb I bq| GwU c`v‡_©i Abyf~wZgvÎ| Gw`K †_‡K wePvi Ki‡j, `„wó wKsev Ab¨vb¨ Bw›`ªq mg~‡ni gv‡S e¯‘i ms‡e`bkxjZvi †¶‡Î †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Kv‡RB& †hfv‡e `„wói gva¨‡g ms‡e`b msNwUZ nq †Zgwb GKB fv‡e Zv NÖvY, kªeY, ¯úk© Ges ¯^v` MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡gI msNwUZ nq| Kv‡RB welqwU gw¯—‡®‹ cÖwZdjb bq eis gvby‡li Bw›`ªq KZ©„K e¯‘i ms‡e`bkxjZv| Gfv‡e gvbyl c Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g †h‡Kvb e¯‘i Abyf~wZ MÖnb K‡i _v‡K, Ges G e¯‘¸‡jv gw¯—‡®‹ cÖwZdwjZ nqbv|

wØZxqZ: ïaygvÎ ms‡e`b †_‡K wPš—v Rb¥ †bqbv, GwU Abyf~wZi Rb¥ †`q gvÎ; A_©vr ‡evaMg¨ e¯‘i Abyfe m„wó K‡i| Abyf~wZi mv‡_ Abyf~wZ hy³ n‡q hw` j¶ j¶ Abyf~wZi m„wó K‡i, ZeyI Zv n‡e GKwU Abyf~wZ gvÎ Ges GwU †Kvb wPš—vi Rb¥ †`‡ebv| gvbyl‡K wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡j, Zvi wbKU c~e© jä Z_¨ _vK‡Z n‡e hvi gva¨‡g †m Abyf~Z welqwU‡K e¨L¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, †Kvb e¨w³‡K hw` cÖvPxb wmixq fvlvq †jLv †Kvb eB †`qv nq, hvi wmixq fvlv m¤ú‡K© ‡Kvbiƒc c~e©jä Ávb †bB, Ges `„wó I ¯ú‡k© i gZ Zvi mKj ms‡e`bkxj Abyf~wZ¸‡jv‡K hw` H eB‡qi Dci †djv nq, Ges hw` j¶ j¶ evi Gi cybive„wË Kiv nq, ZeyI †m eBwUi GKwU kãI eyS‡Z cvi‡ebv hZ¶Y bv Zv‡K wmixq fvlv m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb †`qv nq| GiciB †Kej †m wPš—v Ki‡Z I eyS‡Z ïi“ Ki‡e| Avgiv Av‡iKwU D`vniY wnmv‡e GKwU wkïi K_v we‡ePbv Kwi, hvi Bw›`ªq mg~‡ni gva¨‡g Abyf~wZ MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb c~e©jä Ávb †bB| hw` Zvi mvg‡b Avgiv GK LÛ ¯^Y©, Zvgv Ges cv_i ivwL Ges Zvi mKj Bw›`ªq ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g G e¯‘¸‡jv‡K Abyfe Kiv‡Z †Póv Kwi Ges G Abyf~wZ ¸‡jv hZB ˆewPΨgq I cybvie„wË Kwi bv †Kb, wkïwU †m¸‡jv‡K eyS‡Z cvi‡ebv| wKš‘ hw` wkïwU‡K Gm¤ú‡K© c~‡e© wKQy Ávb †`qv nq, Z‡e ‡m †evSvi Rb¨ H Ávb e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| hw` wkïwU‡K wek eQi c~Y© nIqv ch©š— †Kvbiƒc Ávb bv w`‡q Gfv‡e †i‡L †`qv nq, Z‡e †m Zvi cÖ_g w`‡bi Ae¯’v‡bB i‡q hv‡e hw`I ev Zvi gw¯—‡®‹i ˆRweK eq‡mi e„w× N‡U‡Q| KviY gw¯—®‹ gvbyl‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ibv, eis gw¯—‡®‹i mv‡_ c~e©jä Ávb I Abyf~Z e¯‘i mgš^‡q GwU N‡U _v‡K| gvby‡li wKQy AvPiY ‡KejgvÎ cÖe„wËMZ I ‰RweK Pvwn`vi cÖwZwµqv gvÎ, hv cï‡`i gv‡SI Dcw¯’Z wKš‘ Zv †Kvb eyw×e„wËK cÖwµqv bq| D`vniY¯^iƒc GKwU wkï‡K evi evi Av‡cj I cv_i †`qvi d‡j †m G¸‡jv wPb‡Z cv‡i Ges eyS‡Z cv‡i †h Av‡cjwU LvIqv hvq Ges cv_i LvIqv hvqbv| GKB fv‡e Mvav Abyaveb K‡i †h evwj© LvIqvi Dchy³ wKš‘ gvwU bq| G ai‡Yi c„_KxKiY wPš—v ev eyw×i gva¨‡g nqbv eis cÖe„wË I ‰RweK Pvwn`vi cÖwZwµqvq n‡q _v‡K, hv gvby‡li gZ cï‡`i gv‡SI we`¨gvb| Kv‡RB Bw›`ª‡qi mvnv‡h¨ gw¯—‡®‹ ‡cuŠ‡Q †`qv Abyf~wZi mv‡_ c~e©jäÁv‡bi ms‡hvM Qvov wPš—vi m„wó nqbv|

myZivs wPš—v, gb wKsev eywׇK msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq Gfv‡e †h GwU Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g gw¯—‡®‹ ‡cuŠ‡Q ‡`qv Abyf~wZi mv‡_ c~e©jäÁv‡bi ms‡hvM iƒc hvi gva¨‡g ev¯—eZv‡K e¨L¨v Kiv hvq|

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Bmjvgx gZv`k© wPš—vkxj g‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q KviY GwU gymwjg‡`i Avj­vn, imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi beyq¨Z Ges KziAv‡bi Dci wPš—vkxj g‡bi e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GwU gymwjg‡`i Mv‡qe (†h mKj welq Bw›`ªq Øviv Abyaveb Kiv hvqbv) Gi Dci wek¦vm Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i GB k‡Z© †h GwU Ggb GKwU Drm †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi mZ¨Zv eyw×e„wËK g‡bi wbKU †evaMg¨ Dcv‡q cÖgvwbZ, ‡hgb KziAvb I nv`xm gyZvIqvwZi| Gfv‡e Bmjvgx gZwek¦v‡mi wfwË n‡”Q wPš—vkxj gb ev eyw×e„wË|

Ab¨w`‡K gvby‡li cÖK…wZi (wdZivn) `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ (wdZivn) Gi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| KviY GwU Øx‡bi Aw¯—Z¡, Rxe‡b Gi Avek¨KZv Ges gvby‡li Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Av‡`k I wb‡la ‡g‡b Rxeb cwiPvjbvi eva¨evaKZvi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i| avwg©KZv gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wË (wdZix) Ges gvby‡li Ab¨vb¨ cÖe„wËi gZB hvi wbR¯^ cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q, †hgb gwngvwš^Z KiY| Kv‡RB Øx‡bi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ges eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Avj­vni wewa wb‡la Abyhvqx Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kiv gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wËi Ask| GwU gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wËi (wdZivn) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Ges gvbyl mn‡RB G wel‡q mvov †`q|

GLv‡bB mgvRZvwš¿K I cuywRev`x eyw×e„wËK †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| mgvRZš¿ I cyuwRev` gvby‡li cÖK…wZi (wdZivn) mv‡_ AmgvÄm¨c~Y©| KwgDwb÷ eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ Øx‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Gi ¯^xK…wZi we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Gfv‡e GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZi (wdZivn) wei“×vPiY K‡i| cuywRev`x eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ Øxb †K ¯^xKvi I K‡ibv wKsev A¯^xKvi I K‡ibv| GwU Øx‡bi ¯^xK…wZ wKsev A¯^xK…wZ‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖm½‡Z (Bm¨y‡Z) cwiYZ K‡ibv| A_P GwU Øxb †K Rxeb †_‡K c„_KxKi‡Yi wel‡q †Rvi †`q Ges cÖPvi K‡i †h Øx‡bi cÖfve QvovB ïaygvÎ gybvdvi wfwˇZ Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPr| Gfv‡e GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZi (wdZivn) mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZ (wdZivn) ‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i I Zv ‡_‡K `y‡i m‡i hvq|

Kv‡RB Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡B GKgvÎ mwVK eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡, KviY GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZ (wdZivn) I eyw×e„wËK g‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©; evKx mKj eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡B åvš—| Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ GKgvÎ mwVK I mdj eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡|

GKwU cÖkœ †_‡K hvq, Zv n‡”Q, gymwjgiv wK Bmjvg‡K ev¯—evqb K‡iwQj bvwK Zviv Bmjvg‡K ïaygvÎ gZev` wnmv‡e MÖnb K‡i Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’v I AvBb ev¯—evqb K‡i‡Q? Gi DËi n‡”Q, imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi g`xbvq AvMg‡bi ci †_‡K 1336 wnRix A_©vr 1918 L„óv‡ã Bmjvgx ivóª Jcwb‡ewkKZvev‡`i Kv‡Q civwRZ nIqv ch©š— gymwjgiv ‡KejgvÎ Bmjvg‡KB ev¯—evwqZ K‡i‡Q| gymwjg‡`i KZ©„K Bmjvg ev¯—evqb wQj mvgwMÖK Ges Gi mvdj¨ wQj Af~Zc~e©|

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Bmjvg ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ we‡kl `ywU †¶‡Î AZ‚jbxq mvdj¨ jvf K‡iwQj:

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Aek¨ Avj dvZn (weRq) ïaygvÎ gvby‡li mnRvZ ˆewk‡ó¨i (wdZivn) w`‡K AbyMg‡bi c_ myMg Ki‡Z ejcÖ‡qv‡M e¯‘MZ evavmg~n AcmviY K‡iwQj| Gi d‡j gvbyl `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj| Aci w`‡K AZ¨vPvix †`k¸‡jvi weRq, weRqx‡`i civwRZ iv‡óªi wbKU wfb‡`kx wnmv‡e cwiwPZ K‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, hyM hyM a‡i cy‡e©, cwðgv‡`i Jcwb‡ekev` _vK‡jI Zv †Kvb Kvh©Kix dj e‡q Av‡bwb| hw` cwðgv cÖeÂbvg~jK ms¯‹…wZ I Zv‡`i `vjvj kvmKe‡M©i wbcxob bv _vKZ, Z‡e ‡Pv‡Li cj‡K ¯^xq gZv`k© I e¨e¯’v mn Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cybivwef©ve NUZ| Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…‡Z¡i mvdj¨ wewfbœ gvbyl‡K AMÖmigvb GK Bmjvgx D¤§vn†Z cwiYZ K‡iwQj hvi †Kvb Z‚jbv wQjbv| Jcwb‡ekev`x wech©q, `ye„©Ëvqb I AvKx`v †K KjywlZ I wPš—v mg~n‡K welv³ Kivi `yiwfmwÜ m‡Ë¡I G mKj gvbyl Av‡Rv gymwjg i‡q †M‡Q| GB mg¯— gvby‡liv wePvi w`em ch©š— GK D¤§vnB _vK‡e| AvR ch©š— KL‡bv †Kvb RvwZ (ev †MvÎ) Bmjvg MÖnY Kivi ci Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i ag© Z¨vMx (gyiZv`) n‡q hvqwb|

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Kv‡RB Avgiv ejwQ †h ïaygvÎ Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡B mwVK Ges ïaygvÎ GwUB ‡MvUv we‡k¦ enb K‡i wb‡q hvIqvi Dchy³| hLb Bmjvgx ivóª ¯’vwcZ n‡e, hv Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ enb K‡i, ZLb Av‡Rv c~‡e©i gZ GB †bZ…‡Z¡i mvdj¨ ¯úóZ †evSv m¤¢e n‡e|

Avgiv cÖgvY K‡iwQ †h, Bmjvg Gi AvKx`v I Zv ‡_‡K D™¢~Z Rxeb e¨e¯’v gvby‡li cÖK…wZi (wdZiv) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| GKB mv‡_ Bmjvg gvbyl‡K †Kvb hvwš¿K cÖvYx wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡ibv †h h‡š¿i gZ KvR K‡i Ges MwY‡Zi m~² wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g ΓwUgy³ GKwU e¨e¯’v ev¯—evqb K‡i| c¶vš—‡i Bmjvgx `„wóf½x †_‡K gvbyl n‡”Q mvgvwRK cÖvYx †h Zvi wfbœ wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zv I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx e¨e¯’v ev¯—evqb K‡i| Kv‡RB GKw`‡K Lye ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Bmjvg gvbyl‡`i mevB‡K GKKvZv‡i bv †d‡j Zv‡`i gv‡S we`¨gvb ‰elg¨‡K n«vm K‡i Ges mK‡ji Rb¨ myL kvwš— wbwðZ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, †h †Kvb e¨e¯’vq wKQy †jvK cvIqv hvq hviv e¨e¯’v †_‡K weP¨~Z nq Ges GwU gv‡bbv, †KD Gi cÖwZ mvov †`qbv ev G e¨e¯’v n‡Z wd‡i hvq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB mgv‡R `y®K…wZKvix (dzmvK), cvcvPvix (dz¾vi), Awek¦vmx (Kzd&dvi), gybvwdKzb, ag©Z¨vMx (gyiZv`yb) I bvw¯—K (gyjwn`yb) Gi Dcw¯’wZ _vK‡e| ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q, mgwóMZfv‡e mgv‡Ri gvby‡liv wPš—vaviv, Av‡eM, e¨e¯’v I `„wóf½xi wePv‡i GKwU Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri Awaevmx n‡e hv Bmjvg ev¯—evqb K‡i|

cÖgvY¯^iƒc, Kv‡iv c‡¶B nhiZ gynv¤§` (mt) Gi mg‡qi mggv‡bi Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Am¤¢e|  wKš‘ Zvi (mt) mg‡qI mgv‡R Awek¦vmx, gybvwdK, ag©Z¨vMx, bvw¯—K, `y®K…wZKvix I cvcvPvixi Dcw¯’wZ wQj| Kv‡RB †KD GK_v `vex Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv †h, Bmjvg KL‡bv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ev¯—evwqZ nqwb wKsev ZrKvjxb mgvR A‰bmjvwgK wQj|

imyjyj­vn (mt) g`xbvq Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K Avie wKsev Abvie, Bmjvg mgMÖ D¤§vni gv‡SB ev¯—evwqZ n‡qwQj| Gi avivevwnKZv eRvq wQj Jcwb‡ekev`x kw³i Bmjvgx f~LÛ ¸‡jv `Lj K‡i cuywRev`x e¨e¯’v Øviv Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kivi c~e© ch©š—|

Gfv‡e wnRix cÖ_g el© †_‡K 1336 wnRix (1918 L„t) ch©š— Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ wQj Ges Bmjvgx D¤§vn Bmjvg Qvov Avi †Kvb e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡iwb|

hw`I ev gymwjgiv `k©b, weÁvb, wewfbœ we‡`kx ms¯‹…wZ‡K Aviex fvlvq Abyev` K‡iwQj wKš‘ KL‡bvB M‡elYv wKsev ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨ RvwZi †Kvb AvBb Kvbyb, ag©xq weavb wKsev e¨e¯’vi Abyev` K‡iwb| Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi K_v we‡ePbv Ki‡j, e¨w³ ‡f‡` †KD †hgb Zv h_vh_ fv‡e ev¯—evwqZ K‡iwQj ‡Zgwb wewfbœ mgq Gi AccÖ‡qvMI n‡qwQj| GwU wbf©i KiZ Abyave‡bi MfxiZv ev NvUwZi gvÎvi Dci wfwË K‡i iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ ev `ye©jZvi Dci Ges Gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ enb Kivi mvg_©¨ ev ‡hvM¨Zvi Dci| cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi AccÖ‡qvM Bmjvgx mgv‡R wKQy AatcZ‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡qwQj| wKš‘ G ai‡Yi AccÖ‡qvM †Kvb e¨e¯’v‡ZB Gov‡bv m¤¢e bq, KviY e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvM gvby‡li Dci wbf©i K‡i I gvby‡li gva¨‡gB n‡q _v‡K| Aek¨ Bmjvg AccÖ‡qv‡Mi A_© GB bq †h, Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ wQjbv| Aek¨B Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ wQj Ges ‡m mgq Ab¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’v ev Rxebv`k© M„nxZ nqwb| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡”Q wewa weavb mg~n I e¨e¯’vwU iv‡óªi gva¨‡g ev¯—evwqZ nZ| Giƒc Ae¯’vq Bmjvgx iv‡óª Bmjvg ewnf©~Z ‡Kvb AvBb Kvbyb MÖnb Kiv nqwb| †hwU N‡UwQj Zv n‡”Q, wKQy kvmK KZ©„K wKQy AvB‡bi Ace¨envi| hvB †nvK, BwZnv‡m Bmjv‡gi ev¯—evqb ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ‡M‡j †Kvb e¨w³i `ywU wel‡qi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_g welqwU n‡”Q, KL‡bvB Bmjv‡gi kΓ‡`i wjwLZ BwZnvm MÖnb‡hvM¨ bq, hviv memgq Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× Pig we‡Øl †cvlY K‡i G‡m‡Q| Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm Aek¨B gymwjg HwZnvwmK‡`i wbKU †_‡K wb‡Z n‡e Ges m~²vwZm~² ch©v‡jvPbv I e¨cK M‡elYvi gva¨‡g AwZiwÄZ I weK…Z wPÎ cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZ: †Kvb GK e¨w³i ev mgv‡Ri †Kvb GKwU As‡ki M‡elYv †_‡K Bmjv‡gi †MvUv BwZnv‡mi wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`vb Kiv mwVK bq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ïaygvÎ Bqvwh‡`i mg‡qi BwZnvm cvV K‡i DgvBqv kvmb Kvj m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †`qv KL‡bvB mwVK n‡ebv| †Zgwb AveŸvmx kvmbvgj m¤ú‡K© KwZcq Lwjdvi NUbvejxi wfwˇZ †Kvb gZvgZ †`qv mwVK n‡ebv| GKB fv‡e Avgiv KL‡bvB wKZve Avj-AvMvbx (m½xZ MÖš’) cvV K‡i AveŸvmxq hyM m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨ Ki‡Z cvwibv| KviY G eBwU wjLv n‡qwQj ZrKvjxb wKQy D”Q„sLj `ywe©bxZ gvbyl, Kwe I ‡jL‡Ki Mí K_v eY©bvi D‡Ï‡k¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e, K‡Vvi ‰eiv‡M¨i (hyn`) eB c‡o ZrKvjxb cÖK…Z BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf m¤¢e bq| G mKj eB c‡o g‡b nq ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri mK‡jB D”Q„sLj, cvcvPvix A_ev ˆeivMx wKsev wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡owQj| eis Avgv‡`i mgMÖ mgvR m¤ú‡K©B ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv DwPr| Avgv‡`i G K_vI †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e ‡h †Kvb hy‡MB mgMÖ Bmjvgx mgvR wb‡q Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm †jLv nqwb| ïaygvÎ wKQy kvmK I cwil`e‡M©i Kvwnbx †jLv n‡q‡Q| GmKj BwZnvm‡eËvMY wbf©i‡hvM¨ bb, Zviv nq c¶cvwZZ¡ g~jK Acev` wKsev AwZićbi †`v‡l `yó| Zv‡`i †jLv GmKj Kvwnbx‡K cÖK…Z AbymÜvb e¨wZZ MÖnb Kiv hv‡ebv|

hLb Gfv‡e Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq, A_©vr m¤¢ve¨ mKj w`K ‡_‡K Ges Mfxi AbymÜv‡bi ci †h BwZnvm cvIqv hvq, ZLb Avgiv GKwU †kªôZg mgv‡Ri wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB| Ges GwU wQj wnRix cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq kZK †_‡K Øv`k kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM ch©š— e¨ß| †h †KD GK_v Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e †h mKj hy‡M Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ n‡qwQj Ges GwU Dmgvbx iv‡óªi †kl Aewa wU‡K wQj| Aek¨ Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v I wdKn m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv Ki‡Z n‡j BwZnvm‡K Drm wnmv‡e †bqv hv‡ebv| eis e¨e¯’vwU eyS‡Z n‡j Zv wb‡Z n‡e, AvBb I wePvie¨e¯’vi Drm †_‡K|  GKB fv‡e mgvRZš¿ m¤ú‡K© ey‡S †Kvb wm×v‡š— ‡cuŠQv‡Z n‡j ‡KD ivwkqvi mgv‡Ri BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡ebv| eis GwU eyS‡Z n‡e mgvRZ‡š¿i Rxebv`k© (AvBwWIjwR) m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ eB ¸‡jv †_‡K| ‡Zgwbfv‡e Bs‡iR AvBb I wePvi e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© eyS‡Z n‡j, Bs‡iR BwZnvm co‡j Pj‡ebv eis GwU wb‡Z n‡e, Bs‡iR AvBb I wePvie¨e¯’vi eB †_‡K| GwU †h‡Kvb e¨e¯’v I wewa weav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|

Bmjvg Zvi wbR¯^ AvKx`v I Rxeb e¨e¯’v wb‡qB GKwU Rxebv`k©| ZvB GKBfv‡e Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© †KD eyS‡Z ev Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wKsev Gi AvBbcÖbqb e¨e¯’v (AvnKvg) m¤ú‡K© eyS‡Z PvB‡j Gi BwZnvm †K Drm wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv hv‡ebv|

Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Abyaveb, AvBbcÖbqb I Zv‡`i wek` cÖgvbvw`i Drm n‡”Q BmjvwgK wdKn| Kv‡RB BwZnvm, Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi mwVK Drm bq| ‡Zgwb Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Rvbv ev jä wm×v‡š—i DrmI GwU bq| GKvi‡YB Dgi web LvËve (ivt), Dgi web Avãyj AvwRR (in:) wKsev nvi“b Di ikx‡`i mg‡qi HwZnvwmK NUbvejxi D‡j­L m¤^wjZ eB cy¯—K‡K AvnKvg kixqvni Drm wnmv‡e MÖnb Kiv AbywPZ| hw` †Kvb cÖ‡kœi †¶‡Î Dgvi (ivt) Gi †Kvb gZvgZ‡K AbymiY Kiv nq, Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e Zv Abym„Z n‡q‡Q ûKzg kiC n‡Z jä wm×vš— †_‡K| †Zgwb fv‡e Avey nvwbdv (in:), kvwdC (in:), Rvdi (in:) Ges Ab¨ wPš—vwe`MYI ûKzg kiC †_‡K †Kvb wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡qwQ‡jb| G¸‡jv †Kvb HwZnvwmK NUbv wnmv‡e M„nxZ nqwb| e¨e¯’v AbymiY ev Abyaveb Kivi †¶‡Î BwZnv‡mi †Kvb f~wgKv †bB| m‡e©vcwi Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ n‡qwQj wK bv, Zv wba©vi‡Y BwZnv‡mi cwie‡Z© wdKn n‡”QB cÖK…Z m~Î| KviY cÖ‡Z¨K Avg‡jB Zv‡`i wbR¯^ mgm¨v wQj hv GKwU e¨e¯’v Øviv mgvavb Kiv n‡qwQj| Kv‡RB †h e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g G mKj mgvavb n‡qwQj Zv Rvb‡Z n‡j Bmjvgx wdK‡ni w`‡K †`L‡Z n‡e, BwZnvm j¶¨ Ki‡j Zv n‡ebv KviY GwU ïaygvÎ ZrKvjxb mg‡qi wKQy NUbv D‡j­L K‡i gvÎ| Bmjvgx wdK‡ni cÖwZ j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq gymwjgiv †Kvb GKwU †¶‡ÎI Bmjvg ewnf©~Z †Kvb e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡iwb wKsev wb‡R‡`i cQ›` Abyhvqx †Kvb e¨e¯’v †e‡Q †bqwb| eis GwU ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h me©‡¶‡Î kiC `wjj †_‡K AvnKvg kixqvn MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wePvi dqmvjvi †¶‡Î gymwjgiv AZ¨š— mZK© e¨e¯’v wb‡qwQj Ges †h †Kvb m‡›`nRbK ev `~e©j wm×vš— A_©vr `ye©j BRwZnv`‡K AcmviY K‡i‡Q| GgbwK Zviv `~e©j (hBd) wm×v‡š—i wfwˇZ KvD‡K †Kvb KvR Kiv †_‡KI weiZ ‡i‡L‡Q, hw`I ev ‡mwU †Kvb gyRZvwn` gyZ¡jK (cwic~Y© gyRZvwn`) Gi jä wm×vš— wQj|

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BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j Zv ïaygvÎ Bmjvg ev¯—evq‡bi Dcv‡qi g‡a¨B mxgve× _vK‡e| BwZnv‡m ivR‰bwZK NUbvejxi D‡j­L _vK‡Z cv‡i hv †_‡K Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi welqwU †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK ZL‡bv GwU gymwjg‡`i c¶ †_‡K Mfxi cix¶v I M‡elYv e¨wZZ MÖnY DwPr bq| BwZnv‡mi wZbwU Drm i‡q‡Q: BwZnvm MÖš’, cÖZœZvwËK wb`k©b mg~n Ges eY©bv| BwZnv‡mi eB¸‡jv‡K Drm wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv DwPr bq, KviY †m¸‡jv‡Z ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| G eB¸‡jv cÖvqkB wg_¨vq cwic~Y© _v‡K| G¸‡jvi welqe¯‘¸‡jv nq ZrKvjxb RvwZi cÖwZ AKzÚ mg_©b cyó A_ev wjwLZ mg‡qi c~e©eZ©x RvwZi cÖwZ we‡Øl cÖm~Z| wgk‡ii Avj­vDqx cwievi Giƒc GKwU mv¤cÖwZK D`vniY| 1952 L„óv‡ãi c~e© ch©š— G cwiev‡i GKwU D¾¡j wPÎ Zz‡j aiv nZ wKš‘ 1952 L„óv‡ãi ci †_‡K Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© GKwU AÜKviv”Qbœ cÖwZ”Qwe cvIqv hvq| GKB K_v cÖ‡hvR¨ eZ©gv‡bi wKsev c~‡e©i Ab¨vb¨ HwZnvwmK NUbvejxi †¶‡ÎI| GmKj Kvi‡Y BwZnvm eB¸‡jv‡K BwZnv‡mi Drm wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hv‡ebv, hw`I ev Zv gvby‡li ‡jLv AvZ¥ Rxebxg~jK KvwnbxI nq|

cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b (Lbb Ges cÖvPxb wb`k©b) †_‡K mZZvi mv‡_ ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgiv HwZnvwmK Z_¨ †c‡Z cvwi| hw`I ev Zviv ¯^qs †Kvb HwZnvwmK mgqmxgv D‡j­L K‡ibv Ges Zviv †Kvb mg‡qi NUbvi wPý enb K‡i gvÎ| hw` †KD Zv‡`i ‡`‡k cÖvß Bmjvgx cÖvPxb wb`k©b mg~n ch©‡e¶Y K‡i, Zv `vjvb †KvVv, hš¿cvwZ wKsev Ab¨ ‡h †Kvb welqB †nvKbv †Kb, Z‡e GKwU wm×v‡š—B DcbxZ n‡e †h ZLb Bmjvgx we‡k¦ Bmjvg, Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v I Bmjvgx kvmb e¨vZxZ Avi wKQyB wQjbv| GQvovI gymwjg‡`i RxebhvÎv I Kvh©µgI Bmjvg Øviv m¤úvw`Z nÕZ|

BwZnv‡mi Z…Zxq DrmwU n‡”Q eY©bv| Ges GwU GKwU mwVK Drm hv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ hw` eY©bvwU mwVK nq I hw` Zv mwVK c×wZ‡Z msM„nxZ n‡q _v‡K, †hgbwU n‡qwQj nv`xm msMÖ‡ni ‡¶‡Î| GB c×wZ‡ZB BwZnvm msi¶Y Kiv DwPr| hLbB †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡q‡Q, gymwjgMY eY©bv msi¶‡Yi G c×wZB AbymiY K‡i‡Q| AvZ-Zvevix, Be‡b wnkv‡gi mxivn Gi gZ HwZnvwmK aª“c`x cy¯—K mg~n GB c×wZ‡ZB †jLv n‡q‡Q| gymwjg‡`i KL‡bvB Zv‡`i mš—vb‡`i Ggb †Kvb BwZnv‡mi eB †_‡K wk¶v`vb Kiv DwPr bq hvi Drm Avevi Av‡iKwU BwZnvm MÖš’| Bmjvgx e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvM I ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU aviYv MÖnY Ki‡Z G ai‡Yi BwZnvm eB‡qi mvnvh¨ †bqv DwPr bq| Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvq mKj hy‡MB Bmjvg ev¯—evwqZ n‡qwQj Ges G mg‡q Avi Ab¨ wKQyB cÖ‡qvM Kiv nqwb|

cÖ_g wek¦hy× †k‡l mw¤§wjZ †Rv‡Ui weRq hLb P~ovš— nj ZLb ‡Ri“Rv‡jg (Avj Kz`m) `Lj K‡i †bqvi mgq KgvÛvi jW© A¨v‡jbwe †NvlYv K‡ib, ÒGLb µz‡m‡Wi mgvwß nj|Ó ZLb †_‡KB Kvwdi Jcwb‡ekev`xMY Zv‡`i weRq Ae¨nZ ivLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi mKj †¶‡Î cuywRev`x e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB Avgv‡`i G bó I `yb©xwZMÖ¯’ e¨e¯’v †_‡K gy³ nIqv Avek¨K hv w`‡q Jcwb‡ekev`xiv Avgv‡`i †`k¸‡jv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i G e¨e¯’vwU‡K wPiZ‡i mg~‡j DrcvwUZ Ki‡Z n‡e ‡hb Avgiv c~bivq Bmjvgx Rxebavivq wd‡i †h‡Z cvwi|

Avgv‡`i wbR¯^ Rxeb e¨e¯’v‡K Ab¨ †Kvb Rxeb e¨e¯’v Øviv cÖwZ¯’vcb Kivi wPš—vwU GKwU wbgœ¯—‡ii wPš—vaviv| Ges D¤§vn hw` AvKx`v Qvov G e¨e¯’vwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i Z‡e Zv D¤§vn‡K i¶v Ki‡e Giƒc aviYv KivI GKwU AMfxi ¯’yj wPš—vaviv| D¤§vn†K Aek¨B me©cÖ_‡g AvKx`v‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici GB gZv`k© (AvKx`v) n‡Z DrmvwiZ e¨e¯’vwU ev¯—evq‡bi c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| e¨e¯’vwUi ev¯—evqb Ges gZv`k© (AvKx`v) †K MÖnY Kivi welqwU ZLbB †Kej i¶vKeP wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e| GK_vwU †Kej †mB D¤§vni Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ hviv GKwU gZv`‡k© HK¨e× Ges Zv‡`i ivóªe¨e¯’vwUI GB Rxebv`k©© †_‡K D™¢~Z| GB Rxebv`k© ev¯—evq‡b Ab¨ m¤cÖ`vq I RvwZ‡K c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e G Rxebv`k©‡K MÖnY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †h RvwZ G Rxebv`k© MÖnY K‡i‡Q I Ac‡ii Kv‡Q G Rxebv`k© enb K‡i wb‡q hvIqvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q Zviv Ab¨ †h †Kvb RvwZ ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dci G Rxebv`k© ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i hw`I H RvwZ ev m¤cÖ`vq Gi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwb| KviY G Rxebv`k©B H RvwZi c~bR©vMiY wbwðZ Ki‡e Ges Zv‡`i Gi wek¦v‡mi cÖwZ AvK…ó Ki‡e| Kv‡RB G Rxebv`k© ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î hv‡`i Dci Zv ev¯—evwqZ n‡e Zv‡`i mK‡jiB GwU MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK bq, eis hviv GwU ev¯—evqb Ki‡e, Zv‡`i Rb¨ GwU MÖnY Kiv GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq kZ©|

G‡¶‡Î mgvRZ‡š¿i mv‡_ RvZxqZvev`‡K GKxf~Z Kivi aviYvwU wec¾bK| mgvRZš¿‡K KL‡bvB Gi e¯‘ev`x aviYv †_‡K c„_KKiv m¤¢e bq, Ab¨_vq GwU Kvh©Ki ev cÖfvekvjx n‡Z cv‡ibv| Aciw`‡K mgvRZ‡š¿i mv‡_ e¯‘ev‡`i ms‡hvRbI Kvh©Kix n‡Z cv‡ibv KviY GwU gvby‡li cÖK…wZ (wdZivn) Gi mvsNwl©K, Ges GRb¨ GwU GKwU †bwZevPK aviYv| GQvovI GwU MÖn‡Yi A_© n‡”Q Bmjvgx RvwZ Zv‡`i Bmjvgx AvKx`v‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv KL‡bvB mgvRZš¿ MÖn‡Yi cvkvcvwk Bmjv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K welq¸‡jv aviY Ki‡Z cvwibv| Giƒc wm×v‡š—i A_© n‡”Q Zv BmjvgI bq wKsev mgvRZš¿ I bq| KviY Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ˆecixZ¨ i‡q‡Q Ges hv wKQy MÖnY Kiv ‡nvKbv †Kb Zv memgqB Am¤ú~Y© _vK‡e|

Abyiƒcfv‡e Avgiv AvKx`v Qvov Bmjvgx Rxeb e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwibv, ‡h AvKx`v †_‡KB e¨e¯’vwU DrmvwiZ n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© n‡”Q GKwU Ava¨vwZ¥KZv k~b¨ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| eis Avgv‡`i AvKx`v I Rxeb e¨e¯’v mn cwic~Y© Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges `vIqvnÕi mgq Gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ enb Ki‡Z n‡e|

myZivs Avgv‡`i c~bR©vMi‡Yi †Kej GKwU c_B i‡q‡Q Ges Zv n‡”Q Bmjvgx Rxebavivq wd‡i Avmv| Ges Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv Qvov Bmjvgx Rxebaviv ïi“ Kivi †Kvb c_ †bB| Avi GwU ZZ¶Y ch©š— AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡ebv hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Avgiv Bmjvg‡K AvKx`v I Rxeb e¨e¯’v wnmv‡e MÖnY Kie| GB AvKx`v gvbe Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo mgm¨vwUi mgvavb K‡i hvi Dci wfwË K‡i gvby‡li GKwU `„wóf½x ˆZix nq Ges GB AvKx`v †_‡K DrmvwiZ nq GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v| G e¨e¯’vwUi Drm n‡”Q Avj­vni wKZve I imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi mybœvn| Gi mvs¯‹…wZK m¤ú` n‡”Q wdKn, nv`xm, Zvdmxi, Aviex fvlv Ges Giƒc Av‡iv eû welq| Bmjvgx `vIqvni gva¨‡g Gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K enb Kiv I Bmjvg‡K cÖwZwU ¯—‡i cÖwZwôZ Kiv Qvov Avi ‡Kvb c×wZ‡ZB GwU AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| hLb mvgwMÖKfv‡e D¤§vn I iv‡óª Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ mycÖwZwôZ nq ZLb Avgiv GB eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K mgMÖ we‡k¦i wbKU wb‡q hvIqvi cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi|

cybR©vMi‡Yi Rb¨ GwUB GKgvÎ c_, Zv n‡”Q Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K gymwjg‡`i wbKU wb‡q hvIqv hv‡Z Zviv c~bivq Bmjvgx Rxebaviv ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi gva¨‡g mgMÖ we‡k¦i wbKU Zv enb K‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

(Z…Zxq Aa¨vq †kl)

4_© Aa¨vq:

Bmjvgx `vIqvn enb Kivi c×wZ

ZwiKZ nvg‡j` `vIqvn

                                  

Bmjvg AbymiY Kivi Kvi‡Y gymwjgiv wek¦ †_‡K wcwQ‡q c‡owb, eis Zv‡`i AatcZb ïi“ n‡q‡Q hLb †_‡K Zviv Bmjvg‡K AbymiY Kiv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i fywg‡Z weRvZxq ms¯‹…wZi AbycÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i gb cwðgv a¨vb aviYvq Av”Qbœ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i AatcZb ïi“ n‡q‡Q hLb Zviv Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q, `vIqvn‡K Ae‡njv K‡i‡Q Ges Gi wbqgKvbyb (AvnKvg) ¸‡jvi AccÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB cybR©vMi‡Yi Rb¨ gymwjg‡`i Bmjvgx Rxeb hvÎv cybivq ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ Zv‡`i G Bmjvgx Rxeb hvÎvi cybive„wË m¤¢e n‡ebv hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zviv eyw×e„wËK †bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡g cybivq Bmjvgx `vIqvn ïi“ Ki‡e Ges GB `vIqvni gva¨‡g GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¤¢e n‡e †h ivóª Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Avnev‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ enb Ki‡e|

G‡¶‡Î j¶¨Yxq †h gymwjg‡`i cybR©vMi‡Yi Rb¨ Bmjvgx `vIqvnÕi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡‡K enb Kivi welqwU MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q KviY GKgvÎ BmjvgB mgMÖ wek¦‡K msnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Bmjvg e¨wZZ cÖK…Z cybR©vMiY m¤¢e bq, Zv gymwjg‡`i Rb¨B †nvK wKsev Agymwjg‡`i Rb¨B †nvKbv †Kb| GiB wfwˇZ Bmjvgx `vIqvni KvRwU mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

we‡k¦i Kv‡Q `vIqvn ‡K wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e eyw×e„wËK †bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡g hv †_‡K mKj e¨e¯’v weKwkZ nq Ges GB †bZ…‡Z¡i Dci wfwË K‡iB mKj wPš—vaviv M‡o D‡V, Ges ‡Kvb e¨wZµg QvovB, GB wPš—vavivi Dci wfwË K‡iB e¨w³i aviYv weKwkZ nq hv Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU wel‡q GKwU `„wóf½x M‡o Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

eZ©gv‡b `vIqvn Ki‡Z n‡e wVK †hgwb fv‡e AZx‡Z `vIqvn n‡qwQj Ges Zv imyjyj­vn (m:) Gi `„óv‡š—i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Zvi c×wZ (method) ‡_‡K mvaviYfv‡e wKsev m~²vwZm~² welq¸‡jv‡Z mvgvb¨Zg weP¨~wZiI my‡hvM †bB| G‡¶‡Î hy‡Mi cv_©K¨ ‡Kvbiƒc ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡ibv, KviY G cv_©K¨ ïaygvÎ Dcvq I ai‡YB (means and style) mxgve×| wKš‘ hyM wKsev ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j gvbe Rxe‡bi g~j mËv I ev¯—eZv cwiewZ©Z nqwb, Ges ‡Kvb w`b Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡eIbv|

Kv‡RB `vIqvni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ¯úóevw`Zv, mvnm, kw³gËv, wPš—vaviv I Bmjvgx wdKivn I ZwiKvni (Av`k© I c×wZ) mv‡_ Am½wZc~Y ©†h †Kvb wKQyi gy‡LvgywL nIqv I Zvi AmviZv ‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kivi g‡bvfve, G‡¶‡Î Ae¯’v ev djvdj †Kvbiƒc wePvh© welq bq|

Bmjvgx `vIqvni welqwU Bmjvgx Av`‡k©i P~ovš— mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i (wmqv`v) cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡j a‡i| GwU AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki cQ›` †nvK ev bv †nvK, Zv‡`i wbKU M„nxZ ‡nvK ev cÖZ¨vL¨vZ †nvK wKsev Zviv Gi wei“×vPviY Ki“K, cÖPwjZ wbqgbxwZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© †nvK ev bv †nvK - G¸‡jvi †KvbUvB we‡eP¨ welq bq|

`vIqvnKvixMY (nv‡g‡j` `vIqvn) gvbyl‡K ‡Zvlv‡gv` K‡ibv, KZ©„c‡¶i cÖwZ †mŠRb¨ cÖ`k©b K‡ibv, wKsev gvby‡li cÖPwjZ HwZn¨ I ixwZ bxwZ‡K MÖvn¨ K‡ibv, Ges gvbyl Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡e wK Ki‡e bv Zvi cÖwZI g‡bv‡hvM †`qbv| eis †m ïaygvÎ Av`‡k©i cÖwZ AbyMZ _v‡K Ges Ab¨ †Kvb wKQyi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM bv w`‡q Rxebv`k©©wU cÖPvi K‡i| Zvi Rb¨ Ab¨ Av`‡k©i Abymvix‡`i ¯^xq Av`‡k© AbyMZ _vKvi K_v ejv Aby‡gvw`Z bq| eis Zv‡`i cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc ej cÖ‡qvM QvovB Bmjvgx Rxebv`k©© MÖnY Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq, KviY `vIqvni `vex n‡”Q, Bmjv‡gi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ †Kvb Rxebv`k©© _vK‡ebv Ges mve©‡fŠgZ¡ †Kej Bmjv‡giB Rb¨|

ÒwZwbB †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb im~j‡K wn`vqvZ I mZ¨ Øxb mn hv‡Z Zv Ab¨ mKj e¨e¯’vi Dci Rqhy³ n‡Z cv‡i hw`I ev gykwiKiv Zv AcQ›` K‡i|Ó (myiv ZvIev: AvqvZ 33)

imyjyj­vn (mt) G c„w_ex‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb mZ¨evYx mn Ges wZwb mgMÖ we‡k¦i cÖwZ cÖvKvk¨ P¨v‡jÄ Qy‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb (mt) ‡h m‡Z¨i cÖwZ gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Zb Zv wZwb `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges wZwb mKj jvj Kv‡jv (gvby‡li) A_©vr mevi wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, G‡¶‡Î HwZn¨, cÖ_v, ag©, Av`k©, kvmK I RbMY BZ¨vw` †Kvb welq‡KB wZwb MÖvn¨ K‡ibwb| imyjyj­vn (mt) Bmjv‡gi evYx e¨wZZ Avi †Kvb wKQyi cÖwZB g‡bv‡hvM †`bwb| wZwb KzivBk‡`i wg_¨v Dcvm¨¸‡jv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb Zv‡`i Av`k©‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb A_P wZwb wQ‡jb GKv, wew”Qbœ, Zvi †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix wQjbv, Zvi A¯¿I wQjbv, ïaygvÎ wQj Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ `„p I Mfxi Av¯’v I wek¦vm Ges Gi cÖwZB wZwb AvnŸvb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb (mt) ZrKvjxb Avie‡`i cÖ_v, HwZn¨, ag© I Av`‡k©i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`bwb| G wel‡q wZwb †mŠRb¨Zv †`Lvbwb wKsev Zv‡`i MÖvn¨ K‡ibwb|

GKB fv‡e, `vIqvn evnK‡`i mewKQy‡KB P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖwZK‚jZvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡jI, cÖPwjZ cÖ_v, HwZn¨, ¶wqò‚ wPš—vaviv, aviYv, RbgZ, BZ¨vw` hv wKQy åvš— mewKQyi wei“‡×B P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K Acivci Av`k© I ag©‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z n‡e hw`I ev G‡Z †m Hme Av`k© I a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i †Mvuvovgx I DMÖev‡`i wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i wKsev åvš— gZvej¤^x‡`i kΓZvi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i|

`vIqvni †¶‡Î †Kvbiƒc Qvo bv w`‡q Bmjvgx AvB‡bi cwic~Y© ev¯—evq‡bi gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e| `vIqvnKvix †Kvb iƒc †RvUe× nIqv, Qvo ‡`qv, Ae‡njv ev ¯’wMZ KiY, †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibv| eis †m `vIqvnÕi welqwU‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e mywbw`©ó I Zvr¶wYK mgvav‡b m‡Pó n‡e| ‡m mZ¨‡K evav`vbKvixi †Kvb ga¨¯’Zv MÖnY Ki‡ebv| imyjyj­vn (mt) mvwKd †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix `‡ji Zv‡`i g~wZ© Avj­vZ †K aŸs‡mi c~‡e© wZb eQi A¶Z ivLvi Aby‡iva MÖnY K‡ibwb; wZwb Zv‡`i Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e mvjvZ †_‡K Ae¨nwZ ‡`bwb| wZwb Zv‡`i Aby‡iva Abyhvqx Avj­vZ †K `yeQi GgbwK GKgv‡mi Rb¨I ivLvI ‡g‡b †bbwb| wZwb G Aby‡iva¸‡jv `„pfv‡e I P~ovš—fv‡e, †Kvbiƒc wØav I c¶cvwZZ¡ QvovB A¯^xKvi K‡ib| KviY Lye mnRfv‡e, gvbyl nq wek¦vm Ki‡e A_ev Ki‡ebv Ges P~ovš— cwiYwZ nq RvbœvZ A_ev Rvnvbœvg| Aek¨ imyjyj­vn (mt) Zv‡`i GKwU Aby‡iva †i‡LwQ‡jb, Zv n‡”Q wZwb Zv‡`i wbRnv‡Z g~wZ©¸‡jv aŸsm Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ibwb, eis Avey mywdqvb I Avj gyMxiBivn Be‡b ïqvÕevn †K g~wZ©¸‡jv‡K aŸsm Kivi Av‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb mywbwðZfv‡eB cwic~Y© AvKx`v I Zv ev¯—evq‡b hv wKQy cÖ‡qvRb Zv ‡_‡K Kg wKQyB MÖnY K‡ibwb| GB ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î wZwb (mt) wewfbœ Dcvq I aiY MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb KviY Zv mivmwi Bmjvgx AvKx`vÕi cÖK…wZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx `vIqvn cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î Bmjvgx aviYvi (wdKivn) Ges Gi cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwic~Y©Zvi e¨vcv‡i hZœkxj n‡Z n‡e| Bmjvgx wdKivn I ZixKvnÕq †Kvbiƒc Av‡cvl Kiv hv‡ebv| Gi `vex Abyhvqx †h †Kvb Iqvwmj (Dcvq) e¨venv‡i †Kvb ¶wZ †bB|

Bmjvgx `vIqvni †¶‡Î Av‡iKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q Gi cÖwZwU KvRB M„nxZ nq GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ †K mvg‡b †i‡L| `vIqvn Kvixi me©`v j¶¨ I Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ KvR¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e Ges G j¶¨ AR©‡b weivgnxb fv‡e †Póv K‡i hv‡e| Kv‡RB `vIqvnKvix KL‡bvB KvR Qvov ïaygvÎ wPš—vqB mš‘ó _vK‡ebv, KviY G‡¶‡Î GwU GKwU m‡¤§vnbKvix, KíbvcÖeY `k©b wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Zgwb †m †Kvb j¶¨ Qvov ïaygvÎ wPš—v I Kv‡RI mš‘ó _vK‡ebv, KviY GwU n‡e Zvi Rb¨ GKcÖKvi mwc©jvKvi †eM hv P~ovš— fv‡e K¬vwš— I nZvkv e‡q Av‡b| eis `vIqvnKvix‡K mve©¶wYKfv‡e, Zvi wPš—vi mv‡_ Kv‡Ri GKwU †hvMm~wÎZv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G `y‡qi gva¨‡g †m GKwU mywbw`©ó j‡¶¨ KvR Ki‡e hv m¤ú‡bœ GKwU e¨envwiK Dcvq _vK‡e Ges cwi‡k‡l ev¯—e iƒc jvf Ki‡e|

imyjyj­vn (m:) g°vq Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ enb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb hLb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, g°vi Awaevmxiv Bmjvg‡K e¨e¯’v wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡ebv, ZLb wZwb g`xbvq Bmjvgx mgvR cÖwZôvi KvR ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb g`xbvq ivóª ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb, Gfv‡e Bmjvg‡K cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb, Gi evYx †cŠu‡QwQ‡jb, Ges D¤§vn †K Zvi AeZ©gv‡b Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wVK Zvi Abym„Z c×wZ‡ZB AMÖmi nevi welqwU wbwðZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Kv‡RB Lwjdvi AeZ©gv‡b Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn Kivi †¶‡Î Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvnŸvb I Bmjvgx Rxeb aviv wdwi‡q Avbvi cvkvcvwk Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi KvRwUI Aš—f~©³ n‡Z n‡e, ‡h iv‡óªi gva¨‡g Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡e Ges wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q cÖPvwiZ n‡e| Gfv‡e `vIqvnÕi welqwU D¤§vni g‡a¨ Bmjvgx Rxebaviv wdwi‡q Avbvi c‡i Bmjvgx iv‡óªi gva¨‡g †MvUv wek¦evmxi wbKU GKwU AvnŸv‡b cwiYZ n‡e Ges ïaygvÎ Bmjvgx we‡k¦ mxgve× ¯’vbxq `vIqvni cwie‡Z© Zv wek¦Rbxb GK mvwe©K `vIqvn‡Z cwiYZ n‡e|

Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvnŸv‡bi g‡a¨ ¯úóZB we`¨gvb gZev`¸‡jvi ms‡kvab, Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi mv‡_ m¤úK© `„p KiY, Ges RbM‡Yi gv‡S we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvavb _vK‡Z n‡e| Gi gva¨‡g Rxe‡bi me©¯—‡i `vIqvn ¯^xq J¾¡‡j¨ ¯úó n‡q DV‡e| imyjyj­vn (m:) g°vi †jvK‡`i wbKU wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ cvV K‡i †kvbv‡Zb,

ÒaŸsm †nvK Avey jvnv‡ei `yB nvZ Ges aŸsm ‡nvK †m wb‡RI|Ó (myiv jvnve: AvqvZ 1)

ÒwbðqB G¸‡jv GK m¤§vwbZ imy‡ji K_v, G¸‡jv †Kvb Kwei K_v bq, †Zvgiv Lye mvgvb¨B Zv wek¦vm Ki|Ó (myiv nv°vn: AvqvZ 40-41)

ÒaŸsm †nvK hviv IR‡b Kg †`q, hviv wb‡Riv ey‡S †bqvi mgq cwic~Y© cwigvY Abyhvqx ey‡S †bq wKš‘ Ab¨‡K †`qvi mgq Kg †`q|Ó (myiv gyZ¡dwdwdb: AvqvZ 1-3)

ÒGes hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Ges mrKg© K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q RvbœvZ hvi Zj‡`‡k bni cÖevwnZ nq, GwUB m‡e©vËg mvdj¨|Ó (myiv Avj eyiƒR: AvqvZ 11)

gw`bvq wZwb wZjvIqvr K‡i †kvbvb,

ÒmvjvZ cÖwZôv Ki Ges hvKvZ Av`vq Ki|Ó (myiv evK¡vivn: AvqvZ 43)

­­Ò‡Zvgiv Awfhv‡b †ei n‡q co Kg ‡nvK ev †ekx †nvK (iYm¤¢v‡i), Ges wRnv` Ki Avj­vni c‡_ wb‡R‡`i Rvb w`‡q, m¤ú` w`‡q, GwUB †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ DËg, hw` †Zvgiv Zv eyS‡Z| Ó (myiv AvZ-ZvIev: AvqvZ 41)

Ò‡n Cgvb`viMY hLb †Zvgiv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ F‡Yi †jb‡`b Ki ZLb Zv wjwce× Ki, †Zvgv‡`i ga¨ ‡_‡K †Kvb b¨vq m½Z †jLK Zv wjwce× Ki‡e|Ó (myiv Avj evK¡vivn: AvqvZ 82)

Òm¤ú` †hb ïaygvÎ †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ abx‡`i g‡a¨B AvewZ©Z bv nq|Ó (myiv nvki: AvqvZ 7)

ÒAv¸‡bi Awaevmxi I Rvbœv‡Zi Awaevmxiv mgvb bq, Rvbœv‡Zi AwaevmxivB mdjKvg|Ó (myiv nvki: AvqvZ 20)

Gfv‡eB Bmjvgx `vIqvnÕi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Kv‡Q Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v wb‡q hvIqv DwPr hvi gva¨‡g Zviv Zv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Gi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gv‡S GKwU mvgwMÖK I ‡gŠwjK cwieZ©b N‡U| KviY Bmjvgx `vIqvn mdj nIqvi †¶‡Î †h welqwU KvR K‡i Zv n‡”Q Bmjvgx `vIqvn gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zvi Rxe‡bi hveZxq mgm¨vi D¾¡j I ¯úó mgvavb Dc¯’vcb K‡i|

GKRb `vIqvnKvixi c‡¶ `vIqvni `vwqZ¡ cvjb I h_vh_fv‡e Zvi KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi welqwU AZ¨š— `yiƒn hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zv Zvi Aš—tg~‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges Zvi g‡a¨ µgvMZ DrKl©Zv I cwic~Y©Zv AR©‡bi †eva ˆZix K‡i| Zv‡`i Aweivg m‡Z¨i mÜvb I Zv‡`i jä Ávb‡K µgvMZ wbix¶vi gva¨‡g ¯^xq Dcjwä‡K weRvZxq wPš—vaviv †_‡K cwiï× Kiv DwPr| Ges Gai‡Yi weRvZxq wPš—vaviv A‡_©i w`K ‡_‡K AvcvZ MÖnY †hvM¨ g‡b K‡i Zv‡Z mswk­ó n‡q hvIqv †_‡KI weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| GwU Zv‡`i wPš—v aviYv †K cwi”Qbœ I weï× ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| ïaygvÎ wPš—vi weï×Zv I cwi”QbœZv Bmjv‡gi mvdj¨ I Zv Ae¨nZ ivLvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i|

`vIqvnKvixi KZ©e¨ cvj‡b Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi c¶ †_‡K eva¨Zvg~jK (IqvwRe) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv DwPr| Zv‡`i Drmvn I DÏxcbvi gva¨‡g Avj­vn mš‘wó AR©‡b m‡Pó nIqv DwPr| Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡Ri gv‡S †Kvb ˆelwqK jvf ev gvby‡li cÖksmv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv AbywPZ| Zv‡`i Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©b e¨wZZ Ab¨ wKQyi wcQ‡bB avweZ nIqv DwPr bq|

(PZz_© Aa¨vq mgvß)

5g Aa¨vq

Bmjvgx mf¨Zv

(Avj nv`vivn Avj Bmjvwgq¨vn)

nv`vivn (mf¨Zv) I gv`vwbq¨vn (e¯‘MZ AMÖmigvbZv) Gi gv‡S GKwU cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| nv`vivn ej‡Z Rxeb m¤ú‡K© mvgwMÖK aviYv Ges gv`vwbq¨vn ej‡Z Rxeb hvc‡bi DcKi‡Yi e¯‘MZ Ae¯’v †K †evSvq| nv`vivn A‡bK‡ekx wbw`©ó Ges Zv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½xi Dci wbf©i K‡i, c¶vš—‡i gv`vwbq¨vn mywbw`©ó n‡Z cv‡i wKsev mve©Rbxb n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB nv`vivn n‡Z D™¢~Z e¯‘mg~n A‡bK‡ekx mywbw`©ó, †hgb g~wZ©| Avevi weÁvb I Zvi AMÖhvÎv, wkí I Zvi weeZ©b BZ¨vw` †_‡K D™¢~Z e¯‘ mg~n A‡bK‡ekx mve©Rbxb Ges Zv †Kvb wbw`©ó RvwZi Rb¨ wbw`©ó bq| eis Zviv A‡bK‡ekx mve©Rbxb, ‡hgb wkí I weÁvb|

nv`vivn I gv`vwbq¨v‡ni ga¨eZ©x G cv_©K¨wUi cÖwZ me©`v j¶¨ ivLv DwPr| GKB mv‡_ nv`vivn †_‡K D™¢~Z gv`vwbq¨vn (e¯‘) Ges wkí I weÁvb †_‡K D™¢~Z gv`vwbq¨vn (e¯‘) Gi ga¨Kvi wfbœZv m¤ú‡K©I cv_©K¨ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GwU GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z gv`vwbq¨vn MÖnY Kv‡j Gi e¯‘MZ iƒc I Gi mf¨Zvi ga¨eZ©x cv_©K¨ ¯úó nq| cwðgv wkí I weÁvb n‡Z D™¢~Z cwðgv gv`vwbq¨vn MÖn‡Y †Kvbiƒc evav †bB| wKš‘ cwðgv mf¨Zv †_‡K D™¢~Z cwðgv gv`vwbq¨vn †Kvb fv‡eB MÖnY Kiv hv‡ebv| KviY Avgiv KL‡bvB cwðgv nv`vivn MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwibv, KviY Zv cÖwZôvi g~j wfwË, Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x I gvbe Rxe‡bi myL (happiness) m¤úwK©Z aviYvwUB Bmjvgx nv`vivn Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|

cwðgv nv`vivn cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Øxb †_‡K Rxe‡bi c„_KxKi‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i, Ges GwU Rxe‡bi ‡h †Kvb Kv‡RB Øx‡bi f~wgKv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i, djZ: GwU Øxb †K ivóª †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| hviv Rxe‡b Øx‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv A¯^xKvi K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ Giƒc c„_KxKiYB ¯^vfvweK| GB wfwËi DciB Rxeb I Rxe‡bi e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q| GB nv`vivnÕi `„wó‡Z gybvdvi A‡š^lY KivB n‡”Q mvgwMKÖ Rxe‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨| G aviYv I nv`vivn‡Z jvf ev gybvdvB n‡”Q me‡P‡q cÖfvewe¯—vi Kvix aviYv| Kv‡RB G Rxeb cwiPvjbvi g~j gvcKvwV n‡”Q gybvdv| KviY Zviv Rxeb‡K gybvdv wnmv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i| Zv‡`i `„wó‡Z myL (happiness) n‡”Q gvbyl‡K m‡e©v”P Cw›`ªqMZ myL cÖ`vb Ges G j‡¶¨ gvbyl‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Y Zviv mw¾Z K‡i|  cwðgv nv`vivn†Z gybvdv AR©‡bi Zxeª AvKsLvB g~j DcRxe¨ welq Ges gybvdv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb wel‡qi DciB Zviv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z AvMÖnx bq GgbwK Ab¨ †Kvb welq‡K Zviv ¯^xK…wZ w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z bq| d‡j Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB mKj KvR wba©vwiZ nq| Ava¨vwZ¥K welq¸‡jv ïaygvÎ e¨w³i gv‡S mxgve× Kiv nq Ges Zv mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi Ask bq| gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K welqvw`‡K ïaygvÎ MxR©v I cy‡ivwnZ‡`i g‡a¨ mxgve× Kiv n‡q‡Q| djZ cwðgv nv`vivn‡Z e¯‘MZ g~j¨‡eva Qvov †Kvbiƒc ‰bwZK, Ava¨vwZ¥K wKsev gvbeZvev`x g~j¨‡ev‡ai ¯’vb †bB| Gi d‡j, gvbeZvev`x KvR ¸‡jv ivóª wew”Qbœ wKQy cÖwZôvb †hgb †iWµm I wgkbvix ¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z n‡q c‡o‡Q| e¯‘MZ g~‡j¨i evB‡i Ab¨ †h‡Kvb g~j¨‡evaB Rxeb †_‡K ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| cwðgv nv`vivn MwVZ n‡q‡Q Rxeb m¤úwK©Z Giƒc aviYv mg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i|

BmjvwgK nv`vivn †gŠwjK w`K ‡_‡KB cwðgv nv`vivn Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Gi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x I my‡Li (happiness) A_© m¤úwK©Z aviYvB cwðgv nv`vivn n‡Z m¤ú~Y© c„_K| Bmjvgx nv`vivn M‡o D‡V‡Q G wek¦v‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i †h Avj­vn mKj wKQyi m„wóKZ©v Ges wZwb gvbyl, Rxeb Ges gnvwe‡k¦i Rb¨ GKwU e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb (Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv) gynv¤§` (mt) †K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb Bmjvg mn hv mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ GKgvÎ Øxb| Gi A_© n‡”Q BmjvwgK nv`vivn cÖwZwôZ nq Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Dci wfwË K‡i, hv MwVZ nq Avj­vn, Avj­vni wdwikZv, Zvui wKZve, Zvui imyjMY, AvwLivZ, K¡v`v I K¡`i Gi Dci cwic~Y© I `„p wek¦vm †_‡K| Kv‡RB AvKx`vB n‡”Q nv`vivn Gi g~j wfwË Ges djZ G nv`vivn Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V|

Bmjvgx nv`vivn‡Z Rxeb M‡o D‡V Bmjvgx `k©‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i hv D™¢yZ n‡q‡Q Bmjvgx gZv`k© ev AvKx`v †_‡K| Ges Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB Rxeb I Kg©mg~n cÖwZwôZ| GB `k©‡b Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi mv‡_ e¯‘ Rxe‡bi wgkªb msMwVZ nq A_©vr gvby‡li Kvh©vejx AvnKvg kixqvn KZ„©K cwiPvwjZ nq Ges GwUB Rxe‡bi wfwË wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| G `k©b g‡Z gvby‡li Kvh©vejx n‡”Q e¯‘ (c`v_©) Avi H KvR Kivi mg‡q Avj­vni mv‡_ Zvi m¤úK© ‰Zix Kiv, A_©vr nvjvj I nvivg Abyhvqx KvR Kivi welqwU‡Z _v‡K Ava¨vwZ¥KZv| A_©vr GLv‡b e¯‘ I Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi GKwU mswgkªb NU‡Q| Gfv‡e Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la Abyhvqx GKRb gymwj‡gi Kvh©Kjvc wbqwš¿Z nq| GKRb gymwj‡gi Kv‡Ri wcQ‡b P~ovš— j¶¨ n‡”Q Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©b, Ab¨ †Kvbai‡Yi jvf ev gybvdv bq| Aek¨ M„nxZ Kv‡Ri GKwU Zvr¶wYK j¶¨ _v‡K Ges KvR †f‡` Gi g~j¨‡eva I wewfbœ nq| e¨emv evwb‡R¨ wb‡qvwRZ GK e¨w³i e¨emvwqK jv‡fi gva¨‡g Zvi e¯‘MZ gybvdv AR©b n‡Z cv‡i| e¨emv evwbR¨ GKwU e¯‘MZ KvR, wKš‘ Zv cwiPvjbv Kivi †¶‡Î ‡Kvb e¨w³ Zvi mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb K‡i Ges †KejgvÎ Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zvi Av‡`k I wb‡la †g‡b P‡j| G KvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Zvi †h Zvr¶wYK j¶¨ _v‡K Zv n‡”Q e¨emvwqK jvf, GwU KvRwUi GKai‡Yi e¯‘MZ g~j¨‡eva|

GQvov g~j¨‡eva n‡Z cv‡i Ava¨vwZ¥K, †hgb mvjvZ, hvKvZ, †ivR I n¾¡| wKsev G g~j¨‡eva n‡Z cv‡i ˆbwZK, †hgb mZ¨ ejv, mZZv wKsev AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw`| A_ev G g~j¨‡eva n‡Z cv‡i gvbweK, †hgb Wyeš— e¨w³‡K D×vi wKsev `ix`ª‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv| G KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kvb e¨w³ G g~j¨ ¸‡jv AR©‡bi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nq I Zv AR©‡bi †Póv K‡i| Aek¨ G g~j¨‡eva ¸‡jv KvR¸‡jvi wcQ‡bi g~j PvwjKvkw³, wKsev gvby‡li P~ovš— j¶¨ bq| G¸‡jv ïaygvÎ wewfbœ Kv‡Ri g~j¨‡eva gvÎ hv Kv‡Ri aiY †f‡` wewfbœ n‡q _v‡K|

myL (happiness) n‡”Q Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©b, gvby‡li wb‡Ri Pvwn`v c~iY bq| Giƒc Pvwn`v cyiY †hgb, ˆRweK Pvwn`v, cÖe„wËMZ AvKvsLv c~iY gvby‡li Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gva¨g wKš‘ G¸‡jvi c~iY myL wbwðZ K‡ibv| ms‡¶‡c GwUB n‡”Q Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Bmjvgx `„wóf½x Ges GB wfwËi DciB M‡o D‡V GKR‡bi `„wóf½x| G `„wóf½xB Bmjvgx nv`vivni g~j wfwË| ¯úóZ †h‡Kvb we‡ePbvqB Bmjvgx nv`vivn cwðgv nv`vivnÕi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Bmjvgx nv`vivn n‡Z D™¢~Z gv`vwbq¨vn (e¯‘) cwðgv nv`vivn n‡Z D™¢yZ e¯‘i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, GKwU d‡UvMÖvd (Qwe) n‡”Q GKai‡Yi gv`vwbq¨vn| cwðgv nv`vivn Abyhvqx bvixi mKj †mŠ›`h©¨ D‡b¥vPK †Kvb bMœ Qwe GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ gv`vwbq¨vn e¯‘ hv bvix m¤ú‡K© cwðgv aviYvÕi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| Kv‡RB cwð‡gi †Kvb e¨w³i wbKU G ai‡Yi Qwe GKwU wkí Kg© Ges ˆkwíK gvb we`¨gvb _vK‡j Gai‡Yi Qwe Zvi wbKU M‡e©i welq| Aek¨ Gai‡Yi gv`vwbq¨vn e¯‘ Bmjvgx nv`vivn I bvixi m¤ú‡K© Bmjvgx aviYvÕi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K, †hLv‡b bvix n‡”Q gh©v`vi welq Ges Zvi gh©v`v i¶v Kiv evÃbxq| GKB mv‡_ Gai‡Yi Qwe‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb KviY Zv ‡hŠbvKvsLv‡K D‡¯‹ †`q Ges mgv‡R ‰bwZK Ae¶‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| Abyiƒcfv‡e hLb †Kvb gymwjg GKwU gv`vwbq¨vn e¯‘ †hgb evox wbg©vY Ki‡Z hvq, ZLb ‡m j¶¨ iv‡L †hb †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB ewnivMZ‡`i wbKU Aš—tc~‡ii bvixiv `„k¨gvb bv nq| d‡j GKRb gymwjg M„nvf¨š—‡i †`qvj ˆZix K‡i wKš‘ cwðgviv Gi cÖwZ †Kvb ¸i“Z¡ ‡`qbv|  cwðgv nv`vivn †_‡K D™¢~Z †h‡Kvb gv`vwbq¨vn e¯‘i Rb¨ GwU cÖ‡hvR¨, †hgb g~wZ© Ges Abyiƒc e¯‘ mg~n| Abyiƒcfv‡e hw` †Kvb we‡kl †cvlvK Awek¦vmx‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e gymwjg†`i Rb¨ Zv wbwl×, KviY GwU Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GKwU mywbw`©ó `„wóf½x enb K‡i| Aek¨ hw` Ab¨ †Kvb †cvlvK hv cÖ‡qvR‡b ev mvR m¾vi ZvwM‡` civ nq Ges hv Kzd‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, ZLb Zv mve©Rbxb gv`vwbq¨vn wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ nq, Ges  Zv gymwjg‡`i e¨env‡ii  Aby‡gv`b i‡q‡Q|

weÁvb I cÖhyw³MZ gv`vwbq¨vn e¯‘ †hgb, M‡elYvMv‡ii DcKiY (j¨‡ev‡iUix BK¨~Bc‡g›U), wPwKrmv I wkíKviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ, AvmevecÎ, MvwjPv (Kv‡c©U), BZ¨vw` mve©Rbxb gv`vwbq¨vnÕi Aš—M©Z| Giƒc e¯‘ mg~n hv nv`vivn †_‡K D™¢~Z bq, wKsev nv`vivnÕi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, Zv e¨env‡ii Aby‡gv`b i‡q‡Q|

eZ©gvb wek¦ wbqš¿bKvix cwðgv mf¨Zvi cÖwZ GK cjK `„wó w`‡jB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h Zv gvbyl‡K kvwš—i wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡ibv| eis cwðgv mf¨ZvB eZ©gvb gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z `y`©kv I †fvMvwš—i g~j KviY| GB nv`vivn, hvÕi g~‡j gvbe Rxe‡bi welq¸‡jv †_‡K Øxb †K c„_K Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv gvby‡li wdZivnÕi cwicš’x| Ges G mgv‡R gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K welq¸‡jvi †Kvb g~j¨ †bB| Dciš‘ Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x wnmv‡e gybvdv Ges gybvdv AR©bB gvby‡li ga¨eZ©x m¤úK©¸‡jvi g~j wfwË wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| djZ: AeavwiZ fv‡e GwU wPi¯’vqx `y‡f©vM I Akvwš— Qvov Avi wKQyB m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| hZ¶Y ch©š— gybvdv n‡”Q g~jwfwË, ZZ¶Y ch©š— ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB G‡Z msNl© Ges gvby‡li gv‡S m¤úK©¸‡jv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci wbf©iZv e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡e| d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB G nv`vivnÕi Abymvix‡`i Rb¨ Dcwb‡ekev` GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv KviY GLv‡b gybvdvB Rxe‡bi g~j wfwË Ges ˆbwZKZvi †Kvb †Zvqv°v Kiv nqbv| Kv‡RB, ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi g~j¨‡eva †hgb D‡cw¶Z nq wVK †Zgwb Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kvb fv‡jv ˆbwZKZvi weKvkI i“× n‡q hvq Ges Rxeb cÖwZwôZ nq, cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, msMÖvg, AvMÖvmb I Dcwb‡e‡ki Dci| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ gvby‡li gv‡S Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi m¼U, wPi¯’vqx D‡ØM, me©Î g‡›`i e¨cK we¯—…wZ cwijw¶Z n‡”Q hv ¯úóZB cwðgv nv`vivnÕi djvdj| GwU mgMÖ wek¦‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Q Ges Gi gva¨‡g Giƒc fqven cwiYwZi w`‡K wek¦‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Q, Ges djkÖ“wZ‡Z wek¦ gvbeZvi ¯^vfvweK RxebhvÎv‡K wecbœ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

Bmjvgx nv`vivn hv 7g kZvãx †_‡K 18k kZvãxi †kl ch©š— wek¦‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iwQj, Zvi GKwU Z_¨wPÎ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq G‡Z KL‡bvB Dcwb‡ekev`x bxwZ wQjbv| Aek¨B Dcwb‡ekev` aviYvwU Bmjvgx cÖK…wZ we‡ivax, KviY G‡Z gymwjg Ges Agymwjg‡`i gv‡S ‰elg¨ Kiv nqwb| djZ D³ kvmbvg‡j, Gi Aš—M©Z mKj gvby‡li Rb¨B GwU b¨vq wePvi mywbwðZ K‡iwQj| KviY GwU Ggb GK nv`vivn hv Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, hv e¯‘MZ, Ava¨vwZ¥K, ˆbwZK I gvbweK mKj g~j¨‡eva †KB cwic~Y© K‡i| AvKx`v Rxe‡bi me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq, hv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges wbqwš¿Z nq Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡l‡ai mxgv‡iLvi gva¨‡g| GLv‡b Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©b‡KB myL wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| hLb Bmjvgx nv`vivn c~‡e©i gZ we‡k¦ cybivq wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e, ZLb GwU mywbwðZ fv‡eB we‡k¦i m¼‡Ui mgvavb Ki‡e I mgMÖ gvbeZvi Kj¨vY wbwðZ Ki‡e|  (5g Aa¨vq mgvß)

6ô Aa¨vq

Bmjvgx Rxeb e¨e¯’v

(wbhvg Dj Bmjvg)

Bmjvg n‡”Q GKwU Øxb hv Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv gynv¤§` (mt) Gi Dci AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z gvbyl Zvi m„wóKZ©v, Zvi ¯^xq mËv Ges Aci gvby‡li mv‡_ m¤úK©¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| m„wóKZ©vi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i gv‡S i‡q‡Q Zvi AvKvC` (ag©wek¦vm) Ges Bev`v‡Zi KvR¸‡jv| gvby‡li ¯^xq mËvi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i gv‡S i‡q‡Q, ˆbwZK wewagvjv, Lv`¨vf¨vm I †cvlvK| gvby‡li mv‡_ Aci gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i gv‡S i‡q‡Q, mvgvwRK ‡jb-‡`b Ges `Û wewagvjv| Kv‡RB Bmjvg n‡”Q Ggb GKwU e¨e¯’v hv‡Z Rxe‡bi mKj welq m¤ú‡K© e³e¨ i‡q‡Q| GwU cy‡ivwnZ Zš¿ ev Abyiƒc welq me©¯^ †Kvb ag©ZË¡ bq| GwU ‰¯^iZš¿‡K (hvRK‡kªbxi gva¨‡g GKbvqKZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v) Aejyß K‡i †hLv‡b hvRK †kªbx I cvw_©e †kªbx e‡j †Kvb †Mvôxi Aw¯—Z¡ †bB| ‡h ‡KD Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K gymwjg ejv nq Ges Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mKj gymwjg mgvb (AwaKvi I eva¨Zvg~jK welq¸‡jv‡Z)| Kv‡RB G‡Z †Kvb hvRK †kªbx I ag©wbi‡c¶ (†mK¨yjvi)/cvw_©e (†U‡¤úvivj) †kªYxi gvby‡li Aw¯—Z¡ ‡bB|

Bmjvg Ava¨vwZ¥KZv ej‡Z †evSvq RM‡Zi mKj wKQyB m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges mymsMwVZ n‡q‡Q gvÎ GKRb m„wóKZ©vi wb‡`©‡k| Rxeb, gvbyl I gnvwek¦ I hv wKQy G‡K cwi‡eób K‡i Av‡Q ev Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ Giƒc Mfxi `„wóf½x †_‡K h_v_©B ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h Giv mK‡jB ΓwUc~Y© (bvwKm), Am¤ú~Y© (AvÕwRh), Ges ciwbf©i (gyjZvK¡)| GwU wb:m‡›`‡n cÖgvY K‡i †h GKRb m„wóKZ©v G¸‡jv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi wb‡`©‡k G¸‡jv cwiPvwjZ nq Ges hLb gvbyl Rxe‡b AMÖmi n‡Z †Póv K‡i ZLb Zvi ˆRweK Pvwn`v I cÖe„wˇK mymsMwVZ fv‡e Zzó I c~Y© Ki‡Z GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB Rxeb e¨e¯’v †Kvb gvbyl n‡Z D™¢~Z n‡Z cv‡ibv, KviY gvbyl wb‡RB ΓwUc~Y© I Zvi gv‡S cwic~Y© Áv‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov gvbyl KZ©„K Giƒc GKwU Rxeb e¨e¯’v cÖYqb Kivi †¶‡Î Zv Aek¨B ˆelg¨, Am½wZc~Y© Ges ci¯úi we‡ivax n‡Z eva¨| GwU Ggb GK e¨e¯’vi Rb¥ †`q hv ‰ecix‡Z¨ c~Y© Ges gvbyl‡K Pig `y`©kvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Kv‡RB Aek¨B G Rxeb e¨e¯’vwU‡K Avm‡Z n‡e Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi wbKU †_‡K| Kv‡RB Avj­vn cÖ`Ë e¨e¯’v Øviv gvby‡li mKj KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv Avek¨K| Aek¨ gvbyl hw` Bmjvgx Rxeb e¨e¯’v‡K Avj­vnÕi g‡bvbxZ Rxeb e¨e¯’v wnmv‡e bv MÖnY K‡i ïaygvÎ e¯‘MZ jv‡fi Avkvq ‡g‡b P‡j Z‡e Zv n‡e Ava¨vwZ¥KZv weewR©Z AbymiY gvÎ| Kv‡RB Aek¨B gvby‡li Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU KvR‡K Avj­vnÕi Av‡`k wb‡la Abyhvqx mymsMwVZ Kiv Ges Zvi mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤úK© †K Abyaveb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| Gfv‡eB gvby‡li Kv‡R Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ nq|  c`v‡_©i (Rxe‡bi) mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi (w¯úwiU) mswgkªb n‡”Q †Kvb KvR Kivi gyû‡Z© Avj­vni mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb Kiv| Gfv‡e gvbyl Avj­vni mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb K‡i, Zvui Av‡`k wb‡la †g‡b Rxe‡b AMÖmi nq| †h †Kvb KvR n‡”Q c`v_©, Ges Avj­vni mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb Kiv n‡”Q AvavwZ¥KZv| Kv‡RB Avj­vni Av‡`k wb‡la Abyhvqx KvR Kiv Ges Avj­vni mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb KivB n‡”Q c`v‡_©i mv‡_ iƒ‡ni mswgkªY| Abyiƒcfv‡e hLb †Kvb Agymwjg AvnKvg kixqvn Abyhvqx KvR K‡i, hv KziAvb I mybœvn n‡Z D™¢~Z, ZLb Zvi KvR iƒn Øviv cwiPvwjZ nqbv, Ges G‡¶‡Î c`v_© I iƒ‡ni mswgkªY I N‡Ubv| KviY †m Bmjv‡g wek¦vm K‡iwb Ges Avj­vni mv‡_ m¤úK©‡KI Abyaveb K‡iwb| ‡m ïaygvÎ e¨e¯’vwU‡Z gy» n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi KvR¸‡jv‡K H e¨e¯’v Abyhvqx msMwVZ K‡i‡Q| GwU GKwU gymwj‡gi Kv‡Ri wecixZ, †hLv‡b GKRb gymwjg KvR¸‡jv K‡i Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la Abyhvqx, Ges Avj­vni mv‡_ Zvi m¤úK© Abyfe K‡i| Ges Avj­vni Av‡`k wb‡la ‡g‡b Pjvi gva¨‡g KvR m¤úbœ Kivi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Avj­vni mš‘wó AR©b, ïay gvÎ e¨e¯’vwU †_‡K AwR©Z DcKvi bq| Kv‡RB cÖwZwU wel‡qi Ava¨vwZ¥K w`KwUi Dcjwä Ges ‡Kvb KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q iƒ‡ni Aw¯—Z¡ _vKv  Avek¨K| mK‡ji wbKU GwU ¯úó nIqv cÖ‡qvRb †h, Ava¨vwZ¥K welq ej‡Z ‡evSvq cÖwZwU e¯‘B GKRb m„wóKZ©v m„wó K‡i‡Qb, A_©vr m„ó e¯‘i mv‡_ m„wóKZ©vi m¤úK©, Ges Ava¨vwZ¥KZv n‡”Q GB m¤úK©wU Abyaveb Kiv, A_©vr gvby‡li Avj­vni mv‡_ Zvi m¤úK©‡K Abyfe Kiv| GwUB mwVK aviYv (Ava¨vwZ¥KZv m¤úwK©Z) Ges Ab¨ mKj aviYvB åvš—| GwU gnvwek¦, gvbyl I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ‡mB Mfxi Ges Av‡jvwKZ `„wóf½x  hv mwVK djvdj Ges mwVK aviYvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq|

wKQy a‡g© ejv n‡q‡Q gnvwe‡k¦i `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q, Cw›`ªqMÖvn¨ (gvnmym) Ges A`„k¨ (gyMvBq¨ve)| gvby‡li g‡a¨I Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb I ˆ`wnK Pvwn`v we`¨gvb| Rxe‡biI e¯‘MZ Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K i‡q‡Q| Zviv aviYv K‡i Cw›`ªq MÖvn¨ e¯‘mg~n, A`„k¨ RM‡Zi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K Ges ‰`wnK Pvwn`vÕi mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZ GKmv‡_ _vK‡Z cv‡ibv Ges c`v_© †_‡K AvZ¥v wew”Qbœ| Zviv `vex K‡i, Zv‡`i †gŠwjK cÖK…wZMZ wfbœZvi Kvi‡YB  Giv G‡K Aci n‡Z wew”Qbœ| Kv‡RB Zviv KL‡bv GKmv‡_ n‡Z cv‡ibv Ges GKwU e„w×cÖvß n‡j Zv AciwU‡Z NvUwZi m„wó K‡i| djZ: hviv AvwLiv‡Zi AvKvsLv K‡i Zv‡`i Ava¨vwZ¥K gvÎv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| G aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i L„óvb a‡g© `y ai‡Yi KZ…©c‡¶i Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q| GKwU Ava¨vwZ¥K (w¯úwiPy¨qvj) Ges AciwU cvw_©e (†U‡¤úvivj) - ÒwmRvi ‡K wmRv‡ii Ask `vI Ges Ck¦i †K Ck¦‡ii Ask|Ó cvw_©e Rxe‡bi Dci Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi AMªvwaKvi †`evi Rb¨ Ava¨vwZ¥K ¶gZvi AwaKvix e¨w³eM©, A_©vr hvRK I cv`ªxMY, Zxeªfv‡e cvw_©e ¶gZvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ m‡Pó n‡qwQj| Gi djvdj ¯^iƒc, cvw_©e (†U‡¤úvivj) KZ©„c¶ I Ava¨vwZ¥K KZ©„c‡¶i g‡a¨ GK Zxeª msN‡l©i m„wó n‡qwQj, Ges cieZ©x‡Z Ava¨vwZ¥K KZ©„c‡¶i ¶gZv MxR©vq mxgve× n‡q coj Ges cvw_©e welqe¯‘‡Z Zv‡`i n¯—‡¶c iwnZ Kiv nj| Gmgq ag© Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q coj|

Øxb I Rxe‡bi c„_KxKiY cuywRev`x Rxebv`‡k©i AvKx`v (gZev`)| GwUB cwðgv mf¨Zvi g~j wfwË I eyw×e„wËK †bZ…Z¡ hvi cÖwZ cwðgv Dcwb‡ekev`xiv AvnŸvb K‡i I mgMÖ we‡k¦ Zv cÖPvi K‡i| GwUB Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi cÖavb ¯—¤¢| GB gZev‡`i wfwˇZB Zviv gymwjg‡`i Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ wek¦vm‡K boe‡o K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Zviv Bmjvg‡K L„óa‡g©i mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© we‡ePbv K‡i Ges Dfq‡KB ag© wnmv‡e wePvi K‡i| Kv‡RB ‡h e¨w³ Øxb I Rxeb c„_K Kivi aviYvq wek¦vm K‡i wZwb cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ fv‡e cwðgv‡`i wbqš¿bvaxb cÖwZwbwa| wZwb ÁvbZ: wKsev AÁvbZve‡k cwðgv Dcwb‡ekev`x‡`i cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e KvR K‡ib| wZwb Bmjvgx Rxebv`k© m¤ú‡K© AÁ A_ev Gi kΓ|

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z †h †Kvb Cw›`ªqMÖvn¨ e¯‘i wcQ‡b GKRb m„wóKZ©v i‡q‡Qb G welqwU mvgwMÖKfv‡e Abyaveb KivB n‡”Q H e¯‘i Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K| Ava¨vwZ¥KZv (iƒn) n‡”Q gvby‡li Avj­vni mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i Abyaveb| Kv‡RB GLv‡b e¯‘MZ welq †_‡K wew”Qbœ †Kvb Ava¨vwZ¥K w`‡Ki Aw¯—Z¡ †bB| †Zgwbfv‡e gvby‡li gv‡S Avjv`v K‡i Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb I ˆ`wnK AvKvsLvi Aw¯—Z¡I †bB| eis Zvi ˆRweK Pvwn`v I cÖe„wË Av‡Q hv Zzó Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li gv‡S Ggb GK cÖe„wË n‡”Q avwg©KZv hvi A_© n‡”Q m„wóKZ©v I msMV‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Kiv hv m„wó nq gvby‡li mnRvZ A¶gZv †_‡K| cÖe„w˸‡jvi ZzwóKiY †K KL‡bvB e¯‘MZ wKsev Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hv‡ebv| eis GwU‡K †`L‡Z n‡e †Kej ZzwóKiY wnmv‡e| hw` gvbyl GB cÖe„w˸‡jv‡K Avj­vn cÖ`Ë e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Ges Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la Abyhvqx Zzó K‡i Z‡e Zv n‡e AvwZ¥K ev Ava¨vwZ¥K| hw` GB Zzwó †Kvb e¨e¯’v Qvov wKsev Avj­vnÕi g‡bvbqb wfbœ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’v Øviv AR©b Kiv nq, Z‡e GB Zzwó n‡e wb‡f©Rvj e¯‘ev` Ges Zv gvbyl‡K `y`©kvi w`‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq| hw` eskwe¯—v‡ii cÖe„wË (MvwiRvZ-Avb-bvDÕ) †K †Kvb e¨e¯’v Qvov A_ev Avj­vnÕi g‡bvqb wfbœ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Zzó Kiv nq Z‡e Zv wb`vi“b `y`©kvi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| wKš‘ hw` GwU Avj­vn cÖ`Ë Bmjvgx AvnKvg Abyhvqx weevn e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq Z‡e Zv nq cÖkvwš—`vqK| hw` avwg©KZvi cÖe„wË (MvwiRvZ-AvZ-Zv`vqyb) †Kvb e¨e¯’v QvovB wKsev Bmjvg wfbœ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g, ‡hgb Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev g~wZ©i Dcvmbvi Øviv c~Y© Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv n‡e Askxev` (wkiK) I A¯^xKvi (Kzdi)| Avi GwU hw` Bmjvgx AvnKvg Abyhvqx c~Y© Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv n‡e Bev`vn| G Rb¨ cÖwZwU e¯‘i gv‡SB Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K welqwU Ae‡jvKb Kiv DwPZ, Ges cÖwZwU KvR gvby‡li mv‡_ Avj­vni m¤úK©‡K Abyaveb K‡i Zvi Av‡`k wKsev wb‡la Abyhvqx cvjb Kiv DwPr| Ab¨K_vq G KvRwU nq Ava¨vwZ¥K ev AvZ¥v Øviv wbqwš¿Z| Kv‡RB gvby‡li Kv‡Ri †Kvb `ywU Ask †bB| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GLv‡b GKwUB wRwbm i‡q‡Q Avi Zv n‡”Q KvR| †Kvb KvR e¯‘MZ bv Ava¨vwZ¥K n‡e Zv KvRwUi ai‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡ibv, eis KvRwU Bmjvgx weavb (AvnKvg) Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡q‡Q wKbv Zvi Dci| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, hLb †Kvb gymwjg hyׇ¶‡Î Zvi kΓ‡K nZ¨v K‡i, ZLb Zvi KvRwU nq wRnv` Ges Gi Rb¨ †m cyi“®K…Z n‡e, KviY GwU Bmjvgx AvnKvg Zviv wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hLb H GKB e¨w³ Aci †Kvb gymwjg ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb  wbiciva e¨w³‡K nZ¨v K‡i ZLb Zv Lyb wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges GiRb¨ Zv‡K kvw¯— †c‡Z n‡e; KviY GwU Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡l‡ai cwicš’x KvR|  Dfq‡¶‡Î KvRwU GKB Ges Zv n‡”Q nZ¨v I gvby‡li ØvivB m¤úvw`Z| Kv‡RB nZ¨v GKwU Bev`Z n‡Z cv‡i hw` Zv Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K w`‡q wbqwš¿Z Avi GwU GKwU Lyb wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e hw` Zv Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K †_‡K wb‡`©wkZ bv nq| Gfv‡e GKRb gymwjg Zvi cÖwZwU KvR‡KB Ava¨vwZ¥K wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z eva¨| c`v‡_©i mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi mswgkªY ïay m¤¢eB bq, eis eva¨Zvg~jK| c`v_©‡K Ava¨vwZ¥KZv n‡Z c„_KKiv Aby‡gvw`Z bq|

Ab¨K_vq, ‡Kvb KvR‡KB Avj­vni mv‡_ m¤úK©‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i, Avj­vni Av‡`k I wb‡la n‡Z c„_K Kivi Aby‡gv`b †bB| d‡j †h †Kvb e¯‘ ev welq hv e¯‘MZ w`K n‡Z Ava¨vwZ¥K w`K‡K c„_K K‡i Zv AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Kv‡RB Bmjv‡g †Kvb hvRKZš¿ †bB, hvRKm¤^Üxq †Kvb Ava¨vwZ¥K KZ©„c¶ †bB Ges Øxb n‡Z wew”Qbœ †Kvb cvw_©e KZ©„c¶I †bB| eis Bmjvg n‡”Q GKwU Øxb †hLv‡b ivóª n‡”Q GiGK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| mvjv‡Zi b¨q ivóªI n‡”Q AvnKvg kixqvnÕi GKwU wefvM| GwU Bmjv‡gi wewa weavb mg~n‡K ev¯—evwqZ Kiv I Bmjvgx `vIqvn enb Kivi GKwU e¨e¯’v| Kv‡RB hv wKQy Bmjvg‡K ivRbxwZ I kvmb n‡Z wew”Qbœ K‡i ïaygvÎ Ava¨vwZ¥K Abyf‡ei gv‡S mxgve× K‡i †d‡j Zv Aejyß Ki‡Z n‡e| Kv‡RB †h †Kvb cÖwZôvb hviv ïaygvÎ Bmjv‡gi Ava¨vwZ¥K w`KwUB ¸i“Z¡ †`q, ZvI Aejyß Ki‡Z n‡e| Kv‡RB gmwR` wefvM Aejyß K‡i gmwR`‡K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wk¶v Awa`߇ii Aax‡b Avbv n‡e| kixqvn Av`vjZ I ‡`Iqvwb Av`vjZ (wmwfj †KvU©) Aejyß K‡i mKj‡K Bmjv‡gi wfwˇZ GK Av`vjZ e¨e¯’vi Aax‡b Avb‡Z n‡e| g~jK_v n‡”Q Bmjv‡g KZ©„c¶ GKwUB|

Bmjvg GKwU AvKx`v Ges Rxeb e¨e¯’v| AvKx`v n‡”Q Avj­vn, Zuvi wdwikZvMY, Zvi wKZvemg~n, Zvi im~jMY, wePvi w`em, g„Z¨y cieZ©x cybyi“Ìvb, Avj K¡v`v Iqvj K¡`i, fv‡jv g›` Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K G welq ¸‡jv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv| Bmjvgx AvKx`v MwVZ nq eyw×e„wËi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i hv gvby‡li wPš—vkxj gb Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡, gynv¤§` (mt) Gi beyIq¨Z Ges KziAvb| AvKx`vi ‡h Ask Cw›`ªqvZxZ (MvBe) †hgb, wePvi w`em, wdwikZv, RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg - Zv  P~ovš—fv‡e wjwce× cÖgvY (`jxj bvKjx) Øviv cÖgvwYZ| A_©vr KziAvbyj Kixg I nv`xm gyZvIqvwZi, †h¸‡jv Avevi ‡evaMg¨ cÖgv‡Yi Dci cÖwZwôZ| Bmjv‡g †gav ev eyw×e„wˇK `vqe×Zvi g~j wfwË wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v n‡”Q AvnKvg kixqvn hv gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wewfbœ welq msMwVZ K‡i| Bmjvgx e¨e¯’v gvby‡li mKj wel‡qi †¶‡Î mvaviY fvlvq mgvavb Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ges gvbyl‡K H mvaviY fvlvi A_© †_‡K wek` wewa weavb AvniY Ki‡Z I Zv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| A_©vr KziAvb I mybœvnÕq mvaviY w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`qv n‡q‡Q, hv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges gyRZvwn` MY H mvaviY w`Kwb‡`©kbv †_‡K wek` wePvi wewa AvniY K‡ib hv wewfbœ hy‡M I ¯’v‡b Bmjv‡gi ev¯—evqb wbwðZ K‡i|

Bmjv‡g mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GKwU avivevwnK c×wZ i‡q‡Q| G‡Z gyRZvwn`‡`i †Kvb GKwU Bm¨y m¤ú‡K© LuywUbvwU e¨vcK ch©v‡jvPbvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zviv Zv Abyaveb Ki‡Z m¶g nb| Gici Zviv mswk­ó wel‡q wewfbœ kiC `jxj ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges cwi‡k‡l kiC `jxj AbymiY K‡i H Bm¨y‡Z GKwU mgvav‡b ‡cŠuQvb| Gfv‡e GKRb gyRZvwn` †h †Kvb cÖ‡kœ kiC `jxj †_‡K ûKg kiC AvniY K‡ib| Bmjv‡g GQvov Ab¨ ‡Kvb c×wZi MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv †bB| gvby‡li †h †Kvb mgm¨v‡K GKwU gvbexq mgm¨v wnmv‡eB ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ| GwU‡K A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖKv‡ii AvswkK mgm¨v wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ bq| eis GwU‡K GKwU gvbexq cÖkœ wnmv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ ‡h wel‡q kixqvni gZvgZ †R‡b †bqvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i H wel‡q Avj­vni ûKzg AeMZ nIqv hvq|

(6ô Aa¨vq mgvß)

7g Aa¨vq

ûK&g kiÕC

ûK&g kiÕC n‡”Q, ev›`vÕi (ÕCev`) Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© AvBbcÖ‡YZvÕi (Avj­vn myenvby Iqv ZvÕjv) e³e¨| e³e¨wU n‡Z cv‡i P~ovš—fv‡e cÖgvwYZ (K¡vZC myeyZ) A_©vr †Kvb wØg‡Zi AeKvk †bB h_v KziAvb I nv`xm gyZvIqvwZi A_ev AgxgvswmZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ (RwbœC myeyZ) A_©vr GKvwaK g‡Zi AeKvk i‡q‡Q h_v A-gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm mg~n| hw` e³e¨wU K¡vZC DmyeyZ nq, Z‡e Gi A_© wbw`©ó (K¡vZC D`vjvjvn) Ges ûKzgwU P~ovš—, A_©vr G wb‡q †Kvb wØgZ †bB| Giƒc GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q diR mvjv‡Zi ivKv‡Zi msL¨v, KviY nv`xm gyZvIqvwZ‡i Gi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e wiev wbwl×KiY, ‡Pv‡ii n¯—‡”Q`, whbvKvixi (e¨wfPviKvix) kvw¯— †eÎvNvZ, BZ¨vw` cÖ‡Z¨KwUB P~ovš— weavb, G‡`i mZ¨Zv wbw`©ó Ges P~ovš—fv‡e cÖgvwYZ gZvgZ (wØgZ †bB)|

hw` AvBbcÖ‡YZvÕi e³e¨ K¡vZC myeyZ A_P GKwU gvÎ wbw`©ó A_© cÖKvkK bv nq (RwbœB D`vjvjvn), Z‡e ûKg wU AgxgvsmxZ (A_©vr G wb‡q wØgZ _vK‡Z cv‡i)| D`vniY ¯^iƒc KziAv‡b D‡j­wLZ wRwhqv msµvš— AvqvZwU D‡j­L¨| AvqvZwU K¡v&ZB DmyeyZ wKš‘ Zvi A_© wbw`©ó bq| nvbvdx ¯‹z‡ji kZ©vbymv‡i, G‡K wRwhqv ejv eva¨Zvg~jK Ges Zv Av`vqKivi mgq cÖ`vbKvixi AegvbbvKi Ae¯’vq _vKv eva¨Zvg~jK| kvdC ¯‹z‡ji kZ©vbyhvqx GwU‡K wRwhqv ejv eva¨Zvg~jK bq, Ges G‡K ‰ØZ hvKvZ ejv hvq| GB ¯‹z‡ji gZvbymv‡i GwU cÖ`v‡bi mgq cÖ`vbKvixi AegvbbvKi Ae¯’v‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nqwb, eis Bmjvgx weav‡bi Aaxb nIqvB Zv‡`i Rb¨ h‡_ó AegvbbvKi e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|

hw` AvBbcÖ‡YZvi e³e¨ RwbœB DmyeyZ nq, †hgb A-gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m, ZLb A_© K¡vZC D`vjvjvn †nvK ev bv ‡nvK, G msµvš— ûK&g P~ovš—fv‡e gxgvswmZ n‡ebv, A_©vr G wel‡q wØgZ _vK‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, kvIqvj gv‡mi QqwU †ivRv wKsev K…wlf~wg BRviv (jxR) †`qvi wbwl×Zvi welqwU|

AvBb cÖ‡YZvi e³e¨ †_‡K mwVK BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g ûKg kiC †K Abyaveb Kiv nq| Gfv‡e GKRb gymwjg, GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g ûKg kiC m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nq| mKj gyRZvwn‡`i e¨cv‡i Avj­vnÕi ûKg n‡”Q, gyRZvwn` BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g †h wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Q‡Qb Ges hv Zvi wbKU me©vwaK mwVK e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq †mwUB Zvi Rb¨ ûK&g| EjvgvMY G wel‡q GKgZ †h, hw` GKRb gyKvj­vd (ˆea `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³) †Kvb GK ev GKvwaK cÖ‡kœ BRwZnv` Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡ib Ges Gfv‡e †Kvb GKwU wel‡q †Kvb ûKg G DcbxZ nb, ZLb H wel‡q Ab¨ gyRZvwnw`b‡`i AbymiY Kiv Zvi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z bq| KviY †m‡¶‡Î Zvi Rb¨ GwU Ggb GKwU gZvg‡Zi ZvKjx` Kiv n‡e, hv Zvi wbKU me©v‡c¶v mwVK e‡j cÖZxqgvb nqwb|

gyKvwj­` gyËvex n‡”Q Ggb GK e¨w³ whwb BRwZnv` m¤ú‡K© wKQy Ávb AR©b K‡i‡Qb, Ges `jxj Abyaveb Kivi ci †Kvb ûKg AbymiY K‡ib| GKRb gyËvexÕi Rb¨ Zvi Abym„Z gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZB Zvi Rb¨ Avj­vni ûKg| gyKvwj­` Avw¤§ n‡”Qb Giƒc e¨w³ hvi BRwZnv` m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kvb Ávb †bB, Kv‡RB wZwb ûKg msµvš— `jxj Abyaveb Kiv QvovB GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZ AbymiY K‡ib| Avw¤§ gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZ AbymiY K‡ib I wZwb (gyRZvwn`) †h AvnKvg G DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb Zv ev¯—evqb K‡ib| Zvi Rb¨ ûKg kiC n‡”Q Zvi Abym„Z gyRZvwn‡`i M„nxZ wm×vš— I gZvgZ AbymiY Kiv|

Kv‡RB ûKg kiC n‡”Q BRwZnv` Kivi ‡hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ †Kvb gyRZvwn‡`i BRwZnv` jä ûKg| GwUB Zvi Rb¨ Avj­vni ûKzg Ges Zvi GwU †Q‡o Ab¨ gZvgZ MÖnY Kivi AbygwZ †bB| GwU GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i Abymvixi (gyKvwj­`) Rb¨I Avj­vni ûKzg Ges GwU cwiZ¨v‡Mi AbygwZ ‡bB|

hw` †Kvb gyKvwj­` GKwU wel‡q (Bm¨y‡Z) ûKz‡gi Rb¨ GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZ cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb Z‡e Zvi c‡¶ †mwU cwiZ¨vM K‡i D³ wel‡q Ab¨ gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZ MÖnb Kivi AbygwZ †bB| Aek¨ GKRb gyKvwj­‡`i Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kvb wel‡q (Bmy¨‡Z) Ab¨ gyRZvwn‡`i gZvgZ AbymiY Kivi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q, KviY BRgv-Avm-mvnvev GKRb gyKvwj­`‡K wfbœ wel‡q wfbœ Avwj‡gi gZvgZ Rvbevi AbygwZ w`‡q‡Q| hw` †Kvb gyKvwj­` GKwU wbw`©ó gvhnv‡ei †hgb kvwdC, Gi Aš—M©Z nb Ges m¤ú~Y© gvhnve Abymi‡Yi wm×vš— †bb, Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ welq cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e: H gyKvwj­` BwZg‡a¨ Zvi gvRnve Abyhvqx †h welq¸‡jv cvjb K‡i‡Qb †m welq¸‡jv‡Z Ab¨ †Kvb gvhnv‡ei wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †h mKj welq wZwb GL‡bv cvjb K‡ibwb, †m wel‡q Ab¨ gyRZvwnw`b‡`i AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †Kvb gyRZvwn` †Kvb wel‡q BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g †Kvb wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡q _v‡Kb, ‡MvUv gymwjg D¤§vni wm×v‡š—i H‡K¨i ¯^v‡_© wZwb ¯^xq BRwZnv` jä wm×vš—‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨ gZvgZ AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hgbwU N‡UwQj nhiZ Dmgvb (Avt) Gi evBqv‡Zi mgq|

8g Aa¨vq

AvnKvg kixqvn Gi cÖKvi‡f`

AvnKvg kixqvn wbgœwjwLZ K‡qKwU fv‡M wef³, h_v: diR (eva¨Zvg~jK), nvivg (wbwl×), gvb`ye ev gy¯—vnve (cQ›`bxq), gvKiƒn (AcQ›`bxq) Ges gyevn (Aby‡gvw`Z)| ûKg kiC n‡”Q nq †Kvb KvR Kiv wKsev †Kvb KvR n‡Z weiZ _vKvi Av‡`k| hw` KvR Kivi Av‡`k (Avgi) P~ovš— (Rvwhg) nq, Z‡e GwU‡K diR ev IqvwRe wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| G `ywU cwifvlv mgv_©K| hw` ‡Kvb KvR Kivi wel‡q Av‡`k (Avgi) wU AgxgvswmZ (MvBi Rvwhg) nq, Z‡e H KvRwU‡K gvb`ye wnmv‡e wPwýZ nq| †Kvb KvR n‡Z weiZ _vKvi Av‡`kwU hw` P~ovš— nq, Z‡e Zv‡K nvivg ev gvnRyi wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| G `ywU cwifvlvI mgv_©K| hw` weiZ _vKvi Av‡`kwU AgxgvswmZ (MBi Rvwhg) nq Z‡e Zv gvKiƒn wnmv‡e wPwýZ nq| Kv‡RB diR/IqvwRe m¤úbœKvix e¨w³ cÖkswmZ nb Avi Zv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡j, waK…Z nb| †Kvb e¨w³ diR KvR cvj‡b Ae‡njv Ki‡j kvw¯—i Dchy³ n‡q c‡o| †h e¨w³ nvivg KvR K‡i †m waK…Z Ges whwb GKvR n‡Z weiZ _v‡Kb, wZwb cÖkswmZ nb| †h e¨w³ nvivg KvR K‡i †m kvw¯—i †hvM¨| †h e¨w³ gvb`ye KvR K‡ib wZwb cyi®K…Z nb Ges whwb G †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb, wZwb waK…Z nb bv| A_©vr GKvRwU cvjb Ki‡j i‡q‡Q cyi“®‹vi wKš‘ KvRwU bv Ki‡j Zv kvw¯—‡hvM¨ bq| whwb gvKiƒn KvR n‡Z weiZ _v‡Kb wZwb cÖkswmZ I cyi“®K…Z nb, A_©vr gvKiƒn †_‡K weiZ _vKv cQ›`bxq| `jxj Avm mvgvCÕ (wjwce× Z_¨cÖgvY) †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h gyevn KvR n‡”Q †mB KvR †hLv‡b AvBbcÖ‡YZvi e³e¨, KvRwU Kiv ev weiZ _vKvi e¨cv‡i KvRwU m¤úv`bKvixi cQ‡›`i Dci †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| A_©vr H KvR cyi“®‹vi I †bB ev kvw¯—I †bB|

9g Aa¨vq

mybœvn

fvlvMZfv‡e, mybœvn k‡ãi A_© c×wZ| kixqvnÕi cwifvlvq, mybœvn ej‡Z imyjyj­vn (mt) n‡Z ewY©Z bvwdjvn ev bdj †K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; †hgb diR (eva¨Zvg~jK) Qvov mycvwikK…Z ivKvZ (ivKvZ Avm mybœvn) msL¨v| G‡¶‡Î Ggb aviYv†cvlY AbywPZ †h, diR Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K Ges mybœvn imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi c¶ †_‡K| mybœvn Ges diR Df‡qB Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K G‡m‡Q, imyjyj­vn (mt) Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K Gi enbKvix gvÎ| KviY imyjyj­vn (mt) wb‡Ri †Lqvj Lykx Abyhvqx GKwU kãI D”PviY K‡ibwb, wZwb Zv-B e‡j‡Qb hv Zvi Dci Avj­vni c¶ ‡_‡K AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_©vr Inx wnmv‡e †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw`I mybœvn imyjyj­vn (mt) n‡Z wee„Z n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ G‡K mycvwik‡hvM¨ KvR ev bvwdjvn Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j G‡K mybœvn ejv nq| GKB fv‡e diR ‡K eva¨Zvg~jK KvR wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e cÖZ¨~‡li (dR‡ii) `yB ivKvZ eva¨Zvg~jK (diR) bvgv‡Ri welqwU imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi wbKU n‡Z P~ovš— weei‡Yi (ZvIqvZzi) gva¨‡g diR wnmv‡e gxgvswmZ n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e mycvwikK…Z dR‡ii `yB ivKvZ bvgvR I P~ovš—weei‡Yi (ZvIqvZzi) gva¨‡g mybœvn (bvwdjvn) wnmv‡e gxgvswmZ n‡q‡Q| Ges G Df‡qiB wb‡`©k G‡m‡Q Avj­vnÕi c¶ †_‡K, imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi c¶ †_‡K bq| Kv‡RB Cev`‡Zii †¶‡Î Av‡`k (Avgi) diR ev bvwdjvn n‡Z cv‡i, Ges Ab¨ Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î diR, gvb`ye wKsev gyevn n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨K_vq bvwdjvn gvb`y‡ei mgv_©K n‡jI G‡K bvwdjvn ev mybœvn ejv nq|

AciA‡_© mybœvn ej‡Z KziAvb e¨ZxZ imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi c¶ †_‡K AvMZ mKj kiCÕ Z_¨cÖgvb ‡KI ‡evSv‡bv nq| Gi gv‡S Zvi K_v, KvR Ges m¤§wZI (Zvi m¤§y‡L m¤úbœ †Kvb Kv‡R bxie _vKv) Aš—f©~³|

10g Aa¨vq

imyj (m:) Gi Kv‡Ri AbymiY

(AvZ-Zvwm)

imyjyj­vn (m:) m¤úvw`Z KvR¸‡jv `yB cÖKvi; h_v: †h mKj KvR Zvi gvbexq cÖK…wZi Ask Ges Ab¨vb¨ KvR| Zvi gvbexq cÖK…wZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mKj KvR †hgb Zvi `vov‡bv, emv, cvbKiv, LvIqv BZ¨vw` ZK©vZxZfv‡e Zvi Rb¨ I ‡MvUv D¤§vnÕi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z (gyevn)| djZ; Zvi GmKj KvR¸‡jv gvb`ye †kªbxi Aš—f©~³ bq|

‡h mKj KvR Zvi gvbexq cÖK…wZi Ask bq, †m mg¯— KvR¸‡jv nq mywbw`©ó fv‡e Zvi e¨w³MZ A_©vr wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv Øviv m¤úv`b wbwl× A_ev Ab¨vb¨ KvR¸‡jv hv Zvi e¨w³MZ KvR bq| †h mg¯— KvR m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Zvi e¨w³MZ wnmv‡e cÖgvwYZ †hgb, w`b iv‡Î µgvMZ †ivRv ivLv Ges Pv‡ii †ekx ¯¿x we‡q Kiv BZ¨vw` ïaygvÎ Zvi Rb¨B wbw`©ó Ges Avgv‡`i Kv‡iv Rb¨ Zv AbyKi‡Yi †Póv Kiv nvivg| GwU BRgv Øviv cÖgvwbZ Ges Avgv‡`i G KvR¸‡jv AbyKiY Kiv wbwl×|

imyjyj­vn (m:) Gi Ab¨vb¨ KvR hv Avgv‡`i wk¶v I Abymi‡Yi Rb¨ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv ZK©vZxZ fv‡e my¯úó `jxj| G¸‡jv †Kvb ¯úó evK¨ Øviv cÖgvwbZ n‡Z cv‡i; †hgb,

Ò‡ZvgivI Abyiƒc fv‡e mvjvZ Av`vq Ki ‡hgbwU Avgv‡K †`‡LQ|Ó Ges

ÒmKj Cev`‡Zi Kv‡R Avgv‡K MÖnY Ki|Ó

d‡j G evK¨ †_‡K ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, wZwb GKvR¸‡jv K‡i‡Qb †hb Avgiv Zv‡K Abymib Ki‡Z cvwi| A_ev G¸‡jv ‡Kvb Ae¯’vMZ (circumstantial) Z_¨cÖgvY A_©vr Zvi (m:) Gi Kv‡Ri eY©bv †_‡KI Rvbv hvq, ‡hgb Pzwii kvw¯—i ¯^iƒc ‡evSv‡Z ‡Pv‡ii Kwâ †_‡K nvZ wQbœ Kivi welqwU imyjyj­vn (m:) Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi wb‡gœv³ evYxi e¨L¨v wnmv‡e cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb,

ÒZv‡`i Df‡qi n¯—Øq KZ©b Ki|Ó (myiv Avj gvwq`v: AvqvZ 38)

imyjyj­vn (m:) Gi †Kvb e³e¨ ev Zvi (m:) Kv‡Ri eY©bv †h g~j ûKz‡gi e¨L¨v cÖ`vb K‡i, Zvi (imyjyj­vn m:) e¨L¨vi †¶‡ÎI GKB ûKg cÖ‡hvR¨| A_©vr wZwb (m:) hw` †Kvb diR ev IqvwR‡ei e¨L¨v †`b Z‡e Zvi (m:) †mB e¨L¨v AbymiY KivI n‡e diR/IqvwRe| wVK Abyiƒrc n‡e gvb`ye ev gyevn ûKzg ¸‡jvi †¶‡ÎI|

imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi †h mKj KvR Zvi (m:) Am¤§wZ ev m¤§wZÕi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, ‡m¸‡jvi D‡Ïk¨ nq Kzievn (Avj­vnÕi ˆbKU¨) AR©b wKsev Zv bq| hw` Gi D‡Ïk¨ nq Kzievn Z‡e Zv gvb`ye wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ nq, hv cvjb Ki‡j cyi“®‹vi i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡j kvw¯— †c‡Z n‡ebv| Gai‡Yi GKwU mybœvnÕi D`vniY n‡”Q `ynv (mKvj/c~e©vý) Gi mybœvn| Aek¨ hw` G ai‡Yi Kv‡Ri wcQ‡b Avj­vnÕi Kzievn ¯úó bv nq, Z‡e Zv Aby‡gvw`Z KvR (gyevn) wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e|

11k Aa¨vq

kixqvnÕi weavb Aej¤^b

(AvnKvg kixqvn)

mvnvev‡`i hy‡M gymwjgMY wb‡RivB wKZve I mybœvn †_‡K AvnKvg kixqvn AvniY Ki‡Zb| wePviKMY hLb RbM‡Yi gv‡S †Kvb weZK© gxgvsmv Ki‡Zb, ZLb cÖwZwU welq I NUbvi Rb¨ Zviv wb‡RivB ûKg kiC †Z DcbxZ n‡Zb| kvmKMY, A_©vr Avwgi Dj gyÕwgwbb ‡_‡K ïi“ K‡i MfY©i ch©š— Ges Ab¨ivI Zv‡`i kvmbvg‡j †h †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡b wb‡RivB AvnKvg kixqvn †Z DcbxZ n‡Zb| Avey g~mv Avj AvkAvix (ivt) Ges ïiBn (ivt) `yRbB wePviK (KvRx) wQ‡jb Ges Df‡qB wbR¯^ BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g weavb¸‡jv (AvnKvg) Abyaveb Ki‡Zb Ges Z`byhvqx wePvi Ki‡Zb| imyjyj­vn (mt) Gi mgq gyqvR web Rvevj (ivt) cÖv‡`wkK MfY©i (Iqvjx) wQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zvi wbR¯^ BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g AvnKv‡g DcbxZ n‡Zb Ges Z`byhvqx ‡mB cÖ‡`‡ki kvmb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| Avey eKi (ivt) Ges Dgi (ivt) Gi kvmbvg‡j Df‡qB AvnKv‡g DcbxZ n‡Zb Ges wbR¯^ BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g kvmb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| gyIqvweqvn (ivt) Ges Avgi Beb Avj AÕvm (ivt) Df‡qB cÖv‡`wkK MfY©i wQ‡jb hviv AvnKv‡g DcbxZ n‡Zb Ges Zv‡`i wbR¯^ BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g cÖ‡`‡ki RbMY‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| wePviK I cÖv‡`wkK MfY©i‡`i BRwZnv` m‡ËI †¶Î we‡k‡l Ljxdvn †Kvb GKwU AvnKvg MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges RbM‡Yi gv‡S Zv ev¯—evq‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡Zb| H mgq wePviK I MfY©ie„›` Zv‡`i wbR¯^ BRwZnv` jä AvnKvg‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i H weavbØvivB kvmb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| KviY ûKg kiC Abyhvqx Bgvg ev Ljxdvi RvwiK…Z weavb cÖKv‡k¨ I AcÖKv‡k¨ ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Giƒc GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q Avey eKi (ivt) Gi ZvjvK msµvš— weav‡bi cÖ‡qvM, †hLv‡b Zvi M„nxZ weavb Abyhvqx †Kvb e¨w³ GK emvq wZbevi µgvMZ ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡j Zv GKwUgvÎ ZvjvK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| GQvov Zvi M„nxZ A_©‰bwZK weavb Abyhvqx m¤ú` mKj gymwj‡gi gv‡S mgvb fv‡e ew›UZ n‡Zv, G‡¶‡Î Zviv KLb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q ev Ab¨ †Kvb welq we‡eP¨ welq wQjbv| gymwjgiv G wel‡q AveyeKi (ivt) ‡K AbymiY Ki‡Zb Ges wePviK I MfY©iMY Z`byhvqx kvmb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| hLb Dgi (ivt) Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡jb ZLb GKB wel‡q wZwb wfbœ bxwZ/gZvgZ MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi mg‡q M„nxZ weavb Abyhvqx GK emvq wZbevi ZvjvK D”PviY†K wZb c„_K ZvjvK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nZ Ges wZwb gymwjg‡`i gv‡S Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi mgqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb I Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx m¤ú` e›Ub Ki‡Zb| G mgq gymwjgMY Dgi (ivt) Gi M„nxZ weavb AbymiY Ki‡Zb Ges wePviK I MfY©i Zv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Zb| Dgi (ivt) Gi Av‡iKwU M„nxZ wm×vš— Abyhvqx hy× jä f~wg‡K MvbvBg wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nZ Ges GwU wQj evBZ Dj gv‡ji Aš—M©Z, Ges Zv gymwjg ˆmb¨ ev RbM‡bi gv‡S e›Ub Kiv nZ bv| wePviK I MfY©iMY G wel‡q Zvi M„nxZ AvnKvgB AbymiY I ev¯—evqb Ki‡Zb| myZivs mvnvev‡`i HKgZ¨ (BRgv Avm mvnvev) wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †h, Bgvg ev Ljxdvi KwZcq weavb MÖnb I †m¸‡jv ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ gymwjg‡`i Av‡`k ‡`evi KZ©„Z¡ i‡q‡Q| gymwjg‡`i Zv AbymiY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK, hw`I ev G cÖm‡½ Zv‡`i BRwZnv` wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| cÖwm× kixqvn g~jbxwZÕi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q,

ÒmyjZv‡bi n‡Z cÖK…Z mgm¨vi mgmsL¨K ivq MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|Ó

ÒBgv‡gi ivq, we‡iva gxgvsmv K‡i|Ó

ÒBgv‡gi Av‡`k, cÖKv‡k¨ I †Mvc‡b ev¯—evwqZ nq|Ó

djZ: LjxdvMY mywbw`©ó AvnKvg MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, Ljxdv nvi“b Avi iwk`, A_©‰bwZK wel‡q wKZve Avj LvivR †K MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges RbMY‡K Z`¯’ mKj AvnKvg Abymi‡Y eva¨ K‡iwQ‡jb|

(11k Aa¨vq mgvß)

12k Aa¨vq

msweavb I Kvbyb

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GiB e¨L¨v ¯^iƒc Avgiv gymwjg‡`i nv‡Z Bmjvgx we‡k¦i GKwU Bmjvgx iv‡óªi GKwU Lmov msweavb Dc¯’vcb KiwQ| GwU †mB gymwjg‡`i Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ hviv Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Q, †h ivóª †MvUv we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn e‡q wb‡q hv‡e| GLv‡b j¶¨Yxq welq n‡”Q G msweavbwU †Kvb we‡kl AÂj ev wbw`©ó ‡Kvb iv‡óªi Rb¨ cÖYxZ bq, eis Bmjvgx we‡k¦ GKwU Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Rb¨ cÖ¯—vweZ|

(12k Aa¨vq mgvß)

13k Aa¨vq

GKwU Lmov msweavb

A Draft Constitution

GENERAL RULES

Article 1

The Islamic creed (’aqeedah) constitutes the foundation of the State. Nothing is permitted to exist in the government's structure, accountability, or any other aspect connected with the government, that does not take the creed as its source. The creed is also the source for the State's constitution and shar’ai canons. Nothing connected to the constitution or canons, is permitted to exist unless it emanates from the Islamic ’aqeedah.

Article 2

The domain of Islam (Dar al-Islam) is that entity which applies the rules of Islam in life's affairs and whose security is maintained by Muslims. The domain of disbelief (Dar al-Kufr) is that entity which applies the rules of kufr and whose security is maintained by the kuffar.

Article 3

The Khaleefah is empowered to adopt divine rules (AHkam Shari’ah) enacted as consitution and canons. Once the Khaleefah has adopted a divine rule, that rule, alone, becomes the divine rule that must be enacted and then implemented. Every citizen must openly and secretly obey that adopted rule.

Article 4

The Khaleefah does not adopt divine rules pertaining to worship, i.e. ‘ibadat, except in connection with alms (zakah) and war (jihad). Also, he does not to adopt any of the thoughts connected with the Islamic creed.

Article 5

All citizens of the Islamic State are entitled to enjoy the divine rights and duties.

Article 6

All citizens of the State shall be treated equally regardless of religion, race, colour or any other matter. The State is forbidden to discriminate among its citizens in all matters, be it ruling or judicial, or caring of affairs.

Article 7

The State implements the divine law on all citizens who hold citizenship of the Islamic State, whether Muslims or not, in the following manner:

a. The divine law is implemented in its entirety, without exception, on all Muslims;

b. Non-Muslims are allowed to follow their own beliefs and worships.

c. Those who are guilty of apostasy (murtad) from Islam are to be executed according to the rule of apostasy, provided they have themselves renounced Islam. If they are born as non-Muslims, i.e., if they are the sons of apostates, then they are treated as non-Muslims according to their status as being either polytheists (mushriks) or People of the Book.

d. In matters of food and clothing the non-Muslims are treated according to their religions within the limits allowed by AHkam Shara’iah.

e. Marital affairs, including divorce, among non-Muslims are settled in accordance with their religions, but between non-Muslims and Muslims they are settled according to the divine law.

f. All the remaining Shara'iah matters and rules, such as: the application of transactions, punishments and evidences (at court), the system of ruling and economics are implemented by the State upon everyone, Muslim and non-Muslim alike. This includes the people of treaties (muâaahid), the protected subjects (ahlu zimmah) and all who submit to the authority of Islam. The implementation on these people is the same as the implementation on the subjects of the State. Ambassadors and envoys enjoy diplomatic immunity.

Article 8

The Arabic is the language of Islam and the sole language of the State.

Article 9

Ijtihad (personal exertion to derive the Islamic rule) is fard kifayah (a collective duty). Every Muslim has the right to exercise ijtihad if he has acquired the necessary conditions to perform it.

Article 10

There is no such thing as a clergy in Islam as all Muslims bear the responsibility for Islam. The State will prevent anything that signifies the existence of a clergy among Muslims.

Article 11

The primary function of the State is the propagation of the invitation (dâwah) to Islam.

Article 12

The only evidences to be considered for the divine rules (AHkam Shara’iah) are: the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the consensus of the Companions (ijmaâ as-sahabah) and analogy (qiyas). Legislation cannot be taken from any source other than these evidences.

Article 13

Every individual is innocent until proven guilty. No person shall be punished without a court sentence. Torturing is absolutely forbidden and whoever inflicts torture on anyone shall be punished.

Article 14

All human actions are, in origin, restricted by the divine rules (AHkam Shari’ah), and no action shall be undertaken until its rule (hukm) is known. Every thing or object is permitted, i.e., halal, unless there is an evidence of prohibition.

Article 15

Any means that most likely leads to a prohibition (haram) is itself haram. However if it is (only) feared to lead (to a prohibition) it would not be haram.

THE RULING SYSTEM

Article 16

The ruling system of the State is that of a unitary ruling system and not a federation.

Article 17

Ruling is centralised and administration is de-centralised.

Article 18

There are four positions of ruling in the State. They are: The Khaleefah , the delegated assistant (moâawin), the governor (wali), the mayor (a'mil). All other officials of the State are employees and not rulers.

Article 19

Nobody is permitted to take charge of ruling, or any action considered to be of the nature of ruling, except a male who is free, i.e., not a slave, mature, sane, trustworthy ('adl) , competent; and he must not be save a muslim.

Article 20

Calling upon the rulers to account for their actions is both a right for the Muslims and a fard kifayah (collective duty) upon them. Non-Muslim subjects have the right to make known their complaints about the rulers injustice and misapplication of the Islamic rules upon them.

Article 21

Muslims are entitled to establish political parties to question the rulers and to access the positions of ruling through the nation (Ummah) on condition that the parties are based on the creed of Islam and their adopted rules are AHkam Shari’ah; the establishment of such a party does not require a license by the State. Any party not established on the basis of Islam is prohibited.

Article 22

The ruling system is founded upon four principles. They are:

1. Sovereignty belongs to the divine law (shar’a) and not to the people;

2. Authority belongs to the people, i.e., the Ummah;

3. The appointment of one Khaleefah into office is an obligation upon all Muslims;

4. Only the Khaleefah has the right to adopt the AHkam Shari’ah and thus he passes the constitution and the various canons.

Article 23

The State system is made of eight institutions. They are:

1. The Khaleefah

2. The delegated assistant (mu’awin at-tafweeD)

3. The executing assistants (mu’awin at-tanfeedh)

4. Amir of jihad

5. Governors (Wulah)

6. Judges

7. The state departments

8. The council of the Ummah (majlis al-Ummah)

THE KHALEEFAH

Article 24

The Khaleefah is deputised by the Ummah with authority for the enactment of the divine law.

Article 25

Khilafah is a contract of nomination and acceptance. No-one is obliged to accept it and no-one is obliged to nominate a particular person for it.

Article 26

Every mature male and female Muslim, who is sane, has the right to participate in the election of the Khaleefah and in giving him the pledge (ba’iah). Non-Muslims have no right in this regard.

Article 27

Once the contract of the Khilafah has been concluded on a person through the ba’iah of those by whom the ba’iah is legitimately concluded, the ba’iah of the remaining people is a ba’iah of obedience and not contract. Consequently, those who might disobey or rebel are obliged to give ba’iah.

Article 28

Nobody can become Khaleefah without being appointed by the Muslims. Nobody can hold the power of the Khilafah unless it is convened to him legitimately, as is the case with any contract in Islam.

Article 29

Any country which wishes to give the Khaleefah the ba’iah of contract, her sultan (authority) must be self-acting , that depends on muslims only and not on any kafir state. The security of the Muslims in that country, both internally and externally, must be maintained by the security of Islam and not kufr. As for the ba’iah of obedience only it can be taken from any other country without such conditions.

Article 30

The individual who is given the ba’iah for Khilafah need only to fulfill the contracting conditions, even if he did not fulfill the preference conditions, because what is essential is the conditions of contracting.

Article 31

There are seven conditions needed in the Khaleefah so as Khilafah be contracted to him. They are to be a male, muslim, free, mature, sane, 'adl (trustworthy) and competent (capable for the post).

Article 32

If the post of the Khaleefah becomes vacant, due to death, resignation or dismissal of the appointment of a new Khaleefah must take place within three days including their nights of the date when it became vacant.

Article 33

The Khilafah is to be appointed in the following manner:

a. The Muslim members of the Majlis al-Ummah short-list the candidates for that post. Their names are subsequently announced and the Muslims are asked to elect one person from them.

b. The result of the election is announced and the person who has attained the majority of the votes is to be announced to the Muslims.

c. The Muslims must hasten to give ba’iah to the one who has attained the majority of votes as a Khaleefah for muslims , on the condition of following the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Rasool Allah (s)

d. Once the ba’iah has been accomplished, the name of the man who has become the Khaleefah along with a statement that he is qualified with all the agreement conditions necessary for holding the office of Khilafah is announced to the people so that the news of his appointment reaches the entire Ummah.

Article 34

The Ummah is the authority to appoint the Khaleefah but she has no right to dismiss him after he has legitimately attained the ba’iah of contracting.

Article 35

The Khaleefah is the State. He possesses all the powers/function of the state; so he possesses the following powers:

a. The Khaleefah puts the AHkam Shara’iah, once he adopted them, into law, and as such they become canons that must be obeyed and not violated.

b. The Khaleefah is responsible for both the internal and external policies of the State. He takes charge of the leadership of the army and has the right to declare war, conclude peace, armistice, and treaties.

c. The Khaleefah has the authority to accept and reject foreign ambassadors, and to appoint and dismiss Muslim ambassadors.

d. The Khaleefah appoints and dismisses the assistants (mâawin) and the governors (wulah). The assistants and governors are responsible to the Khaleefah as well as to Majlis al-Ummah.

e. The Khaleefah appoints and dismisses the chief judge, the directors of departments, the heads of the armed forces and the generals; all of whom are responsible to the Khaleefah and not to the Majlis al-Ummah.

f. The Khaleefah adopts the AHkam Shara’iah by which the State's budget is set. The Khaleefah decides its sections and the funds required for every field, whether they are related to revenue or expenditure.

Article 36

The Khaleefah is restricted in what he adopts by the AHkam Shara’iah. He is forbidden to adopt any rule that is not soundly deduced from the divine texts. He is restricted to the rules he has adopted and to the method for deduction that he has chosen. Accordingly, he is prevented from adopting a rule deduced by a method that contradicts the method he has adopted, and he must not enact any command that contradicts the rules he has adopted.

Article 37

The Khaleefah has the absolute right to conduct the citizens affairs according to his ijtihad, so he has the right to adopt of the mubah matters anything he wants to run the State affairs and to look after the affairs of the citizens. However, he is not allowed to disagree with a Hukm shara'i under the name of interest. For example; he cannot prevent a family from having more than one child under the pretext of the shortage in food-stuffs. Nor can he fix prices on the pretext of preventing exploitation; or appoint a kafir or a woman as a wali on the pretext of caring for affairs or the interest, nor anything that disagrees with shar’a rules. The Khaleefah must not forbid any halal

thing or allow any haram thing.

Article 38

There is no limitation on the Khaleefah's period in office. So as long as he abides by the shar’a, implements its rules and is able to manage the State's affairs, he continues as a Khaleefah unless his situation changes in such a way as to discharge him from the office of Khilafah. He is to be dismissed immediately, once such situation occured.

Article 39

There are three matters by which the situation of the Khaleefah changes, and by such he is discharged from the office of Khilafah. They are:

a. If one of the qualifying conditions of the Khilafah contract becomes void, such as apostatising from Islam, insanity or manifest sinfulness (fisq) and the like. This is because these are conditions for contracting the Khilafah and for its continuity.

b. His inability to undertake the responsibilities of the Khilafah post, for any reason.

c. In the event of sub-dual, whereby the Khaleefah is rendered unable to conduct the affairs of the Muslims by his own opinion according to the shar’a. If the Khaleefah is subdued by any force to an extent that he is unable to manage the citizens affairs by his own opinion alone according to the rules of shar’a, he is considered to be legitimately incapable of undertaking the functions of the state, and thus he ceases to be a Khaleefah. This situation may arise under two circumstances. They are:

                First. When one, or more, of the Khaleefah's entourage exerts control over the management of affairs. If there is a chance that the Khaleefah could rid himself of their dominance he is cautioned for a specified period of time, after which, if he fails to rid himself of their dominance, he must be dismissed. If it appears that there is no chance of the Khaleefah freeing himself from their dominance, he is to be dismissed immediately.

                Second. Should the Khaleefah be captured by a subduing enemy, whether he is actually captured or under its influence. In this case the situation is to be examined; if there is a chance to rescue the Khaleefah, he is given a period of time until it appears that there is no hope to rescue him, after which he is dismissed. Should it appear from the outset that there is no hope of rescuing him, he is to be dismissed immediately.

Article 40

The responsibility of deciding whether or not the Khaleefah's situation has altered in such a way as to warrant his dismissal is the prerogative of the Court for the Acts of Injustice (mahkumat ul-maDHalim). It, alone, has the authority to admonish or dismiss the Khaleefah.

DELEGATED ASSISTANT

mu’awin ut-tafweeD

Article 41

The Khaleefah appoints an assistant delegated with the authority to assist him in undertaking the responsibility of ruling. He deputises to him to manage affairs with his own point of view and ijtihad.

Article 42

The delegated assistant must be qualified with the same essential qualifications of the Khaleefah, viz., male, free, Muslim mature, sane, and 'adl (trustworthy). Additionally he must be competent in the tasks for which he is deputised to undertake.

Article 43

The appointment of the delegated assistant must entail both deputation and a general responsibility. Thus, in the appointment of the assistant, the Khaleefah must pronounce a statement to the effect of "I appoint you on my behalf as my deputy" or any other statement that confers both deputation and general responsibility. Unless the delegated assistant is appointed in this manner he would not be a delegated assistant nor hold the authority of a delegated assistant.

Article 44

The function of the delegated assistant, so as to distinguish between him and the Khaleefah in his authority, is to inform the Khaleefah of the matters he has managed and the appointments and delegated duties he has implemented. Therefore, the function of the delegated assistant is to inform the Khaleefah of his analysis and, unless the Khaleefah prevents him, to carry it out.

Article 45

The Khaleefah has to examine the actions and dispositions of the delegated assistant so as to confirm what is sound and to adjust that which is wrong. This is because the management of the ummah's affairs is entrusted to the Khaleefah and subject to his own ijtihad.

Article 46

Once the delegated assistant has managed a matter with the agreement of the Khaleefah, he has the right to carry it out - as acknowledged - without any alteration. If the Khaleefah revises the matter and objects to what the delegated assistant has executed, the following considerations apply: If the Khaleefah has objected to what the delegated assistant has carried out in regard to a rule implemented soundly, or a fund spent justly, then the view of the delegated assistant must be enacted. This is because it is originally the view of the Khaleefah and the Khaleefah must not redress laws that he has implemented and funds that he has spent. However if the delegated assistant has implemented something else, such as the appointment of a wali or the equipping of the army, then the Khaleefah has the right to object and to overrule the decision of the delegated assistant. This is because the Khaleefah has the right to redress his own decisions in such cases and hence those of the delegated assistant.

Article 47

The delegated assistant has a general deputation and therefore he must not be assigned to specific departments or specific types of action. He undertakes general supervision of the administrative system but not undertakes administrative matters.

EXECUTION ASSISTANT

mu’awin ut-tanfeedh

Article 48

The Khaleefah appoints an execution assistant whose function is administrative and not ruling. His duty is to execute the instructions of the Khaleefah in both the internal and external affairs of the State and to relay to the Khaleefah what is received from these areas. This administration office is a medium between the Khaleefah and others, i.e. it executes instructions on his behalf and hand over reports to him.

Article 49

The execution assistant must be a Muslim because he is one of the Khaleefah's entourage.

Article 50

The execution assistant is always in direct contact with the Khaleefah the same way the delegated assistant is. The execution assistant is considered an assistant but in execution instead of ruling.

AMIR OF JIHAD

Article 51

The directorate of the Amir of jihad consists of four departments, they are: External affairs, The military, The internal security, and Industry. The Amir of jihad is the supervisor and director of all four departments.

Article 52

The Department of External Affairs directs the foreign affairs connected with the relationship of the state with foreign countries, whatever these affairs.

Article 53

The Military Department oversees all affairs connected with the military forces, such as: the army, the police, equipment, tasks, armament supplies, etc. It also includes control of the military academies, military missions, and everything deemed necessary from the Islamic culture and the culture of the army and whatever is related to warfare and its preparation.

Article 54

The Department of Internal Security oversees everything connected with security. It undertakes maintaining security in the country by means of the military forces, and uses the police as a means to maintain security.

Article 55

The Department of Industry directs all affairs connected with industry, including heavy industry, such as the production of motors, engines and car bodies; metallurgical industries, electronics and light industry; and factories of private and public ownership connected with the military industry. All factories of whatever type should be established on the basis of the military policy.

THE ARMY

Article 56

Jihad is a compulsory duty (farD) on all Muslims. Military training is therefore compulsory. Thus, every male Muslim, fifteen years and over, is obliged to undergo military training in readiness for jihad. Conscription, however, is farD kifayah.

Article 57

The army is divided into two parts: the regulars, who are paid salaries from the State's budget as employees, and the reserves, who comprise all the Muslims capable of fighting.

Article 58

The military forces are one force which is the army from which certain divisions are selected and organised in a particular way and provided with a certain culture, these are called police (shurTah).

Article 59

The police are authorised to protect public order, supervise internal security and to perform all execution duties.

Article 60

The army possesses flags and banners; the Khaleefah gives the flag to whomever he appoints as a leader of the army, the banners are introduced by the brigadiers.

Article 61

The Khaleefah is the leader of the army, he appoints the commander-in-chief, a general for each brigade and a commander for each division. The Brigadiers and commanders appoint the remaining ranks of the army. Members of the general staff are appointed according to their military culture, and are appointed by the general chief of staff.

Article 62

The army comprises one army located in specific camps. Some of these camps must be located in different provinces (wilayat) and strategic locations, and some must remain permanently mobile fighting forces. The camps are organised in numerous groups, each one of which is given a number as a name, such as the first army, the third army or can be named after a province (wilayah) or district (imalah).

Article 63

It is necessary to provide the army with the highest possible level of military education and to elevate its intellectual level as far as possible, and to provide every member in the army with the Islamic culture that enables him to have a general awareness of Islam.

Article 64

Each camp should have a sufficient number of officers of the general staff who have attained the highest level of military knowledge and experience in devising plans and directing battles. The army, as a whole, should have as many officers of the general staff as possible.

Article 65

It is necessary to provide the army with all the required armaments, supplies and equipment so as to fulfill its task as an Islamic army.

JUDICIARY

QADAAA

Article 66

Judgeship is the pronouncement of the verdict in a binding way. It settles the disputes among people, prevents that which harms the community's rights and eliminates the disputes arising between people and members of the ruling apparatus - rulers and employees - including the Khaleefah and those of lesser rank.

Article 67

The Khaleefah is to appoint a chief judge authorised to appoint, discipline, and dismiss judges within the administrative regulations. The chief judge must be a mature Muslim male who is sane, just and a jurist. The remaining employees of the courts come under the domain of the directorate that administers the court's affairs.

Article 68

There are three types of judges. They are:

1. The judge who settles the disputes among people in transactions and punishments;

2. The muhtasib who settles the violations of the community's rights; and

3. The judge of the Court for the Unjust Acts (maHkamat ul-maDHalim) who settles

disputes between people and officials of the State.

Article 69

All judges must be qualified by being Muslim, mature, free, sane, 'adl, and a jurist being aware of how to apply rules to incidents. Judges of maHkamat ul-maDHalim must additionally be qualified with being male and a mujtahid, i.e., a person capable of making ijtihad.

Article 70

The judge and the muhtasib may be given a general appointment to pronounce judgement on all problems throughout the State, or alternatively they can be given an appointment to a particular location and to give judgement on particular cases. On the other hand, the judge of the maHkamat ul-maDHalim must be given a general appointment to pronounce judgement on all problems, but in terms of location he may be appointed to a particular location or all over the State.

Article 71

The courts should be comprised of only one judge who has the authority to pronounce verdict. One or more judges are however permitted to accompany him with only the authority of advising and assisting. They have no authority to pronounce verdict and their opinion is not binding on the judge who has the sole authority to give judgement.

Article 72

The judge cannot pronounce verdict except in a court session. Evidence and oaths are not considered except in a court session as well.

Article 73

It is permissible to vary the grades of courts in respect to the type of cases. Some judges may thus be assigned to certain cases of particular grades, and other courts authorised to judge the other cases.

Article 74

There are no courts of appeal or cassation, because all judgements are of equal standing. Thus, once the judge has pronounced the verdict it becomes effective and no other judge's decision can overturn it, unless he judged with other than Islam, disagreed with a definite text in the Qur'an, Sunnah or Ijma'a as-sahabah or it appeared

that he judged in contradictory to a true reality.

Article 75

The muhtasib is the judge who investigates all cases, in the absence of an individual litigation, involving the rights of the public that are non-criminal and not involving the hudud (i.e., the punishments.)

Article 76

The muhtasib has the authority to judge upon violations, wherever is the location one he acquired knowledge of these violations without the need to hold a court session. A number of policemen are put at the muhtasib's disposal to carry out his orders and to execute his verdicts immediately.

Article 77

The muhtasib has the right to appoint deputies to himself, that possess the same qualifications as the muhtasib, and to assign them to various locations where they exercise the same authority as the muhtasib in the location and the cases assigned to them.

Article 78

The judge of the maHkamat ul-maDHalim is appointed to remove all unjust acts, committed by the Khaleefah, governor(s), or any official of the State, that have been inflicted upon anyone - whether that person is a citizen or not - living in the domain of the State.

Article 79

Judges in the maHkamat ul-maDhalim of Injustice are appointed by the Khaleefah or the chief judge. As for their accounting , disciplining and dismissal, this is carried by the Khaleefah, the maHkamat ul-maDHalim or the chief judge if authorised by the Khaleefah to do so. However, it is not allowed to dismiss him during his investigation in an unjust act against the Khaleefah, mua'win ut-tafweeDH or the chief judge.

Article 80

There is no limit on the number of judges that can be appointed for the Unjust Acts. The Khaleefah can appoint as many as he may deem necessary to eradicate the unjust acts. Although it is permitted for more than one judge to sit in a court session, only one judge has the authority to pronounce a verdict. The other judges only assist and

provide advice, and their advice is not binding on the judge authorised to pronounce the verdict.

Article 81

The maHkamat ul-maDHalim has the authority to dismiss any ruler, governor and  official of the State, including the Khaleefah.

Article 82

The maHkamat ul-maDHalim has the authority to investigate any case of iniquity, whether it be connected with officials of the State, the Khaleefah's deviation from the divine rules, interpretation of the legislative texts in the constitution, canons and divine rules within the framework adopted by the Khaleefah or the imposition of a tax, etc.

Article 83

The judicature of the Unjust Acts is not restricted by a court session or the request of the defendant or the presence of the plaintiff. It has the authority to look into any case of injustice even if there is no plaintiff.

Article 84

Everyone, both defendant and plaintiff, has the right to appoint a proxy, whether male or female, Muslim or not, to act on his or her behalf. There is no distinction in this matter between the mandator and the proxy. The proxy has the right to be appointed on a salary according to the terms agreed upon between the mandator and his or her

proxy.

Article 85

It is permitted for the one who holds office, such as the Khaleefah, wali, official, muhtasib and judge of the Court for the Unjust Acts, or persons who have been vested with a specific responsibility, like a custodian or guardian, to appoint a person to his position as a proxy - within the bounds of his authority - for the purpose of  appearing on his/her behalf as the plaintiff or defendant, and for no other reason.

THE GOVERNORS OF THE PROVINCES

(WULAH)

Article 86

The territories governed by the State are divided into units called provinces (wilayat).  Each wilayah is divided into units called districts (Imalat). The person who governs the wilayah is called the wali or Amir, and the person who governs the 'Imalah is called the ‘aamil.

Article 87

The walis and the 'aamils are appointed by the Khaleefah. The wali can, if authorised, also appoint the ‘aamils. The walis and ‘aamils must possess the same qualifications as the Khaleefah, i.e., Muslim, male, free, mature, sane, 'adl (trustworthy or competent) and competent in their responsibilities. They have to be selected from the people of piety (taqwa) and strength.

Article 88

The wali has the authority to govern and supervise the performance of the departments in his province on behalf of the Khaleefah. He has the same authority in the province as the delegate assistant has in the Khilafah State. He has command over the people of his province and control over all affairs except finance, the judiciary and the army. He has command over the police in respect of execution, but not in administration.

Article 89

The wali is not obliged to inform the Khaleefah of what he has carried out within his authorised command, but if a new problem arises, he has to wait until he has informed the Khaleefah about it, and then proceeds according to the instructions of the Khaleefah. If, as a result of waiting, the problem would be exacerbated, he must act first and then inform the Khaleefah later on about the reason for not informing him.

Article 90

Every province has an assembly elected from its people, and headed by the wali. The assembly has the authority to participate in expressing opinions on administrative matters and not ruling; their opinions are not binding.

Article 91

The wali's term of office in a particular province is not to be long. He must be discharged whenever he becomes powerful in his province and/or the people become enchanted with him.

Article 92

The wali's appointment is a general responsibility in a defined location. Consequently, the wali is not moved from one province to another. He has to be discharged first and then reappointed.

Article 93

The wali can be discharged if the Khaleefah decides so, or if the majlis al-ummah expresses dissatisfaction with him - whether justified or not - or if the majority of the people of the province show displeasure with him. However, the wali can only be dismissed by the Khaleefah.

Article 94

The Khaleefah must exercise strict control over the walis and continually assess their performance. He must deputise people to monitor them and enquire about them. He has to periodically gather the walis , or some of them, and listen to the complaints of the ummah of them.

THE STATE DEPARTMENTS

Article 95

The management of the government's affairs and the interests of the people is performed by, and the responsibility of, administrations, directorates and departments.

Article 96

The policy of the administrations, directorates and departments is built upon the efficiency of the system, speed in carrying out the tasks and competence in those who are in charge of administration.

Article 97

Any subject of the State, male or female, Muslim or not, who is suitably competent may be appointed as head or official of any administration, directorate or department.

Article 98

Every administration must have a general manager and every directorate and department must have a special director responsible for them. All directors are responsible before the general manager of their administrations, directorates and departments. In respect to conforming to the laws and public orders, they are responsible to the Khaleefah, wali and ‘aamil.

Article 99

The managers and directors of all the administrations, directorates and departments are to be dismissed only for reasons connected with administrative regulations. It is permitted to move them from one post to another and to suspend them. The general manager of each administration, directorate or department is responsible for the appointing, dismissing, transferring, suspending and disciplining.

Article 100

Employees, other than the directors and the managers, are appointed, transferred, suspended, questioned, disciplined or dismissed by the general manager of their administration, directorate or department.

THE UMMAH ASSEMBLY

(Majlis al-Ummah)

Article 101

The members of the Majlis al-Ummah are those people who represent the Muslims in respect of expressing their views to the Khaleefah when consulted. Non-Muslims are allowed to be members of the Majlis al-Ummah so that they can voice their complaints in respect to unjust acts performed by the rulers or the misapplication of the Islamic laws.

Article 102

The members of the Majlis al-Ummah are elected by the people.

Article 103

Every citizen of the State has the right to become a member of the Majlis al-Ummah, provided he or she is both mature and sane. This applies to Muslim and non-Muslim. However, membership to non-Muslims is confined to their voicing of complaints in respect to unjust acts performed by the rulers or the misapplication of Islam upon

them.

Article 104

Consultation (Shura) and the mashura are the seeking of views in absolute terms. These views are not binding in legislation, definitions, intellectual matters such as discovering the facts and the technical and scientific matters. However they are binding when the Khaleefah consults in other practical matters and actions that do not scrutiny or research.

Article 105

All citizens, Muslim or not, may express their views, but shura is a right for the Muslims only.

Article 106

All issues that fall under the binding shura, when the Khaleefah seeks opinion, are decided on the basis of the majority opinion, irrespective of whether it is considered to be correct or not. In all other matters of shura, the correct opinion is sought, whether it is a majority or minority held view.

Article 107

The Majlis al-Ummah is charged with five duties. They are:

1a. To be consulted by the Khaleefah or to advice him on the practical matters and actions which do not need scrutiny or research, such as: affairs of ruling, education, health, and the economy, industry, farming and the like; and its opinion in that is binding.

1b. However in the matters which require scrutiny and research and the technical matters, the financial, the millitary and the foreign policy, the Khaleefah has the right to refer to the majlis for consultation and seeking an opinion; however the opinion of majlis in such matters is not binding.

2. The Majlis has the right to account the Khaleefah regarding all the actions that the state has actually executed , whether they were of the domestic or foreign matters , or the finance or the army and the like . The view of the Majlis is binding wherever the majority opinion is binding and not binding wherever the majority opinion is not.

3. The Majlis has the right to express dissatisfaction with the assistants, governors, and mayors; and in this matter the view of the Majlis is binding and the Khaleefah must discharge them at once.

4. The Khaleefah may refer to the Majlis the rules, the constitution and canons, that he intends to adopt. Muslimmembers of the Majlis have the right to discuss them and express their views about them , but their opinion is not binding.

5. To select the list of candidates standing for the position of Khaleefah; no candidate excluded from this list may stand and the decision of the Majlis is binding. Only Muslim members of the majlis may participate in drawing up this list.

THE SOCIAL SYSTEM

Article 108

The primary role of a woman is that of a mother and wife. She is an honour that must be protected.

Article 109

Men and women are basically to be segregated from each other, and they should not meet together except for a need that the shar’a allows it and allows the meeting for its sake, such as trading and pilgrimage (Hajj).

Article 110

Women have the same rights and obligations as men, except for those specified by the shar’ai evidences to be for him or her. Thus, she has the right to practice in trading, farming, and industry; to partake in contracts and transactions; to possess all form of property; to invest her funds by herself (or by others); and to conduct all of life's affairs by herself.

Article 111

A woman can participate in the election and giving of the bai’ah to the Khaleefah, and elect, and also be a member of the Majlis al-Ummah, and can be appointed as an official of the State in a non-ruling position.

Article 112

Women are not allowed to take charge of ruling, thus women cannot hold the positions of Khaleefah mu’awin, wali, ‘aamil, nor to practice any of the actions of ruling. She is not allowed to be a chief judge, a judge in mahkamat ul-MuDHalim nor amir of Jihad.

Article 113

Women live within a public and private life. Within their public life, they are allowed to live with other women, maharam males [males forbidden to them in marriage] and foreign men (whom they can marry) on condition that nothing of the women's body is revealed, apart from her face and hands, and that the clothing is not revealing nor her charms displayed. Within the private life she is not allowed to live except with women or her mahram males;and she is not allowed to live together with the foreign men. In both cases she has to restrict herself with the rules of shar’a.

Article 114

Women are forbidden to be in private (khulwah) with any men they can marry, they are also forbidden to display their charms or to reveal their body in front of foreign men.

Article 115

Men and women must not practice any work that poses danger to the morals or causes corruption in society.

Article 116

Marital life is one of tranquillity and companionship. The responsibility of the husband on behalf of his wife (quwamah) is one of taking care, and not ruling. She is obliged to obey her husband and he is obliged to meet the costs of her livelihood according to the seemly standard of living.

Article 117

The married couple must fully assist each other in performing the household duties, with the husband performing all the actions normally undertaken outside of the house, and the woman performing those actions normally undertaken inside the house as best as she can. The husband should provide home-help as required to assist with the household tasks she cannot manage herself.

Article 118

The custody of children is both a right and duty of the mother, whether Muslim or not, so long as the child is in need of this care. When children, girls or boys, are no longer in need of care, they are to choose which parent they wish to live with, whether the child is male or female. If only one of the parents is Muslim, there is no choice for the child is to join the Muslim parent.

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Article 119

management ofe economics is the view of what the society ought to be when addressing the satisfaction of (human) needs, so what the society ought to be is taken as the basis for satisfying the needs.

Article 120

The fundamental economic problem is how to distribute funds and benefits/ services to all subjects of the State, and to facilitate all the subjects to utilise these funds and benefits/ services by enabling them to strive and possess them.

Article 121

Every individual must have all his basic needs provided for completely by the State, and he/she must be guaranteed to satisfy his luxuries (non-basic needs) to the highest possible level.

Article 122

Allah is alone the owner of property and He has made human beings heirs in it. By this general entrust mankind has acquired the right to possess property. As a consequence of Allah's _ permission for the individual to possess property, man has the actual possession.

Article 123

There are three types of property, they are: private property, public property, and State property.

Article 124

Private property is a divine rule determined by the property itself or the benefit from it. As a result of this possession, the person who possesses it obtains a benefit from it or receives a return for it.

Article 125

Public property is the shar’a permission for the community to participate in obtaining benefit from the property itself.

Article 126

State property comprises all property whose expenditure is determined solely by the view of the Khaleefah and his ijtihad, such as: the funds of taxes, land tax (kharaj) and head tax (jizya).

Article 127

Private property consisting of liquid and fixed assets is restricted by the following divine means (asbab):

a. Work.

b. Inheritance.

c. Acquisition of property to survive.

d. A donation from State funds to a citizen.

e. Funds obtained by individuals neither by effort nor through purchase.

Article 128

The disposal of property is restricted by the permission of the Legislator, i.e., Allah, _ whether it is spending or investing of property. Squandering, extravagance and miserliness are forbidden. Also forbidden are the capitalist companies, co-operatives, all other illegal transactions, usury (riba), fraud, monopolies, gambling and the like.

Article 129

Tithed land (al ushriah) constitutes land within the Arabian peninsula and land whose owners had embraced Islam whilst possessing the land, (i.e. before the Islamic State encountered them by jihad ). Tax land (al kharajiah) is all land, other than the Arabian peninsula, which was opened by jihad, i.e. war or peace. Al ushriah land, together with its benefits, is owned by individuals. Al kharajiah land is owned by the State, and individuals own its benefits. Everyone has the right to exchange, through shar’a contracts, tithed land and the benefits from tax land. All people can inherit these, the same as with other properties.

Article 130

Uncultivated (muwat) land is acquired by giving life to the land, i.e. irrigating it, or by protecting it, i.e. erecting fencing. Cultivated land can only be acquired by way of shar’a means, such as: inheritance, purchasing or through a donation from the State.

Article 131

Leasing land, whether al ushriah land or al kharajiah land, for agriculture is forbidden. Sharecropping of land planted with trees is permitted, and sharecropping on all other land is forbidden.

Article 132

Every landlord is obliged to use his land; those who are needy are to be given a loan from the treasury (bayt ul-mal) to facilitate this. Anyone who leaves his land fallow, i.e., does not use the land, for three years will have it taken from him to be given to another.

Article 133

The following three categories constitute public property:

a. Public utilities, such as the town parks.

b. Vast mineral resources, like oil fields.

c. Things which, by their nature, preclude ownership by individuals, such as rivers.

Article 134

Factories by their nature are private property. However, they follow the rule of the product manufactured within them. If the product is private property, the factory is considered to be private property, like a textile mill. If the product is a public property, like iron ore, then the factory is considered to be a public property.

Article 135

The State has no right to change private property into public property, because public property is determined by its nature and not by the view of the State.

Article 136

Everybody in the State has the right to utilise public property, and the State has no right to allow any individual to singularly possess, own or utilise public property.

Article 137

The State is allowed to protect parts of the uncultivated land or public property on behalf of any of the citizens' interests.

Article 138

Hoarding funds, even if zakah is paid on it, is forbidden.

Article 139

Zakah is collected from Muslims on their properties that are specified by shar’a, i.e. money, trading goods, cattle and grain. It is not taken from anything not specified by the shar’a. Zakah is taken from every owner whether legally responsible (mukallaf), i.e. mature and sane, or not, i.e. immature and insane. It is recorded in a specific account of the bayt ul-mal and is not to be spent except for one or more of the eight categories of people mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an.

Article 140

Jizyah (head-tax) is collected from the non-Muslims (dhimmis). It is to be taken from the mature men if they are financially capable of paying it. It is not taken from women or children.

Article 141

Kharaj (land-tax) is collected on al-kharajiah land according to its potential production. However, in respect of al ushriah land zakah is payable on it, on the basis of its actual production.

Article 142

The Muslims only pay the tax that shar’a has permitted to cover the expenditure of bayt ul-mal, on condition that it is levied on that which is surplus to the individual's needs. The tax must be sufficient to cover the demands of the State.

Article 143

The State has the right to collect tax from the ummah when the funds of bayt ul-mal are inadequate to cover the expenditure required to undertake all the functions the shar’a has obliged the Muslims to perform. The State is not allowed to impose a tax on the people for a function the shar’a has not obliged the Muslims to undertake. Thus, the State is not allowed to collect fees for the courts or departments or administrations, or for accomplishing any interest. The budget of the State has permanent sources decided by the AHkam Shari’ah. The

budget is further divided into sections. The funds assigned to each section and the matters for which the funds are allocated are all decided by the view of the Khaleefah and his ijtihad.

Article 145

The permanent sources of income for bayt ul-mal are: spoils (faya), jizyah, kharaj, a fifth of the buried treasure (rikaz) and zakah. All these funds are collected, whether there is a need for them or not, on a perpetual basis.

Article 146

If the revenues derived from the permanent sources of income for bayt ul-mal are insufficient to cover the expenditure of the State, it is permitted to collect taxes from the Muslims to cover the expenditure obliged on bayt ul-mal. The obligations are the following:

a. The needs of the poor, the needy, the wayfarers, and to perform the obligation of jihad.

b. Remuneration of the salaries of the employees, the rulers and the provisions for the soldiers.

c. Providing benefits and public utilities due on bayt ul-mal., such as constructing roads, extracting water, erecting mosques, schools and hospitals. Unify bayt ul-mal.

d. Meeting emergencies, like natural disasters, famine, floods and earthquakes.

Article 147

Income derived from public and State property, people dying without heirs properties of the apostates and customs levied at the state's borders (thoghoor), are all recorded in bayt ul-mal.

Article 148

The expenditure of bayt ul-mal is distributed among the following six categories of people as follows:

a. The eight categories of people entitled to partake of the zakah funds. If there are no funds in this chapter they are not given any money.

b. The poor, the needy, the wayfarers, the debtors and jihad are funded from the permanent sources of revenues whenever there are insufficient funds in the zakah account. When there are inadequate funds from the permanent revenues, the debtors are not to receive assistance. The poor, the needy, the wayfarers and jihad must be funded from the taxes collected for this purpose; and if required - to prevent them from falling into corruption - they are to be funded from loans raised by the State for this purpose.

c. Bayt ul-mal must fund those people who perform certain duties or services for the State, such as employees, rulers and soldiers. If there are insufficient funds for this purpose, taxes must be collected immediately to meet their expenses, and loans should be raised if it is feared that corruption might ensue.

d. Bayt ul-mal shall fund the essential services and utilities such as the roads, mosques, hospitals and schools. If there are insufficient funds, taxes must be collected to cover their cost.

e. Non-essential services and utilities are funded by bayt ul-mal, but when there are insufficient funds available they are not financed and accordingly delayed.

f. Disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, must be financed by bayt ul-mal; if there are insufficient funds available, loans are to be raised immediately, and will be repaid later from taxes.

Article 149

The State should provide employment for all subjects holding citizenship of the State.

Article 150

Company employees and the self-employed have the same rights and duties as employees of the State. Everyone who works for a wage, irrespective of the nature of the work, is considered an employee. In matters of dispute, between employer and employee over salary levels, the salary level is to be assessed on the basis of the market. If they disagree over something else, the employment contract is to be assessed according to the rules of the shar’a.

Article 151

The salary is to be determined according to the benefit of the work, or the benefit of the employee, and not according to the knowledge and/or qualifications of the employee. There are to be no annual increments for employees. Instead, they are to be given the full value of the salary they deserve for the work they do.

Article 152

The State is to guarantee the living expenses of the one who has no money, no work and no relatives responsible for his financial maintenance. The State is responsible for housing and maintaining the disabled and handicapped people.

Article 153

The State must endeavour to circulate wealth among all the subjects and forbids the circulation of wealth among only a sector of society.

Article 154

The State tackles the task of enabling every subject to satisfy his luxuries (non-basic needs,) and to achieve equality in society in accordance with the funds available to her, in the following way:

a. The State grants all its citizens liquid and fixed assets from those owned by bayt ulmal, and from the war booties, etc.

b. The State donates from its cultivated land to those who have insufficient or no land. Those who possess land but do not use it are not given land. Those who are unable to use their land are given financial assistance to enable them to use their land.

c. Those who are unable to settle their debts are given funds from zakah, and the war booty, etc.

Article 155

The State supervises agricultural affairs and their products in accordance with the needs of the agricultural policy, so as to achieve the potential of the land to its greatest level of production.

Article 156

The State supervises the whole affairs of industry. It directly undertakes those industries included in the public property.

Article 157

Foreign trade is assessed on the basis of the citizenship of the trader and not the origin of the goods. Merchants from countries in a state of war with the State are prevented from trading in the State, unless given a special permission for the merchant or the goods. Merchants from countries that have treaties with the State are treated according to the terms of the treaties. Merchants who are subjects of the State are prevented from exporting any goods that the enemies could benefit of militarily, industrially or economically. However, they are not prevented from importing any property they own. Any country that we have real war between us and its citizens (such as Israel) is excluded from these rules. The rules applicable to the actual land of war apply to such country in all the relations with it whether trade or otherwise.

Article 158

All individual subjects of the State have the right to establish research and development laboratories connected with all life's affairs. The State should also establish such laboratories.

Article 159

Individuals are prevented from possessing laboratories producing materials that could harm the ummah or the state.

Article 160

The State provides free health care for all, but it does not prevent using private medical care nor the sale of medicine.

Article 161

The use of foreign capital and its investment within the State is forbidden. It is also prohibited to grant franchises to foreigners.

Article 162

The State issues its own currency, which is independent of all foreign currencies.

Article 163

The currency of the State is to be restricted to gold and silver, whether minted or not. No other form of currency for the State is permitted. The State can issue coinage not of gold or silver provided that the treasury of the State (bayt ul-mal) has the equivalent amount of gold and silver to cover the issued coinage. Thus, the State may issue

coinage in its name from brass, bronze or paper notes etc. as long as it is covered completely by gold and silver.

Article 164

It is permissible to have exchange between the State currency and the currency of other states like the exchange between the state's own coinage. It is permissible for the exchange rate between two currencies to differ provided the currencies are different from each other. However, such transactions must be undertaken in a hand-to-hand manner and constitute a direct transaction with no delay involved. The exchange rate can change/fluctuate without any restrictions as long as it is between two different currencies. All citizens can buy whatever currency they require from within or outside the State, and they can purchase the required currency without obtaining prior permission or the like.

EDUCATION POLICY

Article 165

The Islamic creed constitutes the basis upon which the education policy is built. The syllabi and methods of teaching are designed to prevent a departure from this basis.

Article 166

The purpose of education is to form the Islamic personality in thought and behaviour. Therefore, all subjects in the curriculum must be chosen on this basis.

Article 167

The goal of education is to produce the Islamic personality and to provide people with the knowledge connected with life's affairs. Teaching methods are established to achieve this goal; any method that leads to other than this goal is prevented.

Article 168

A distinction should be drawn between the empirical sciences such as mathematics, on the one hand, and the cultural sciences, on the other. The empirical sciences, and all that is related to them, are taught according to the need and are not restricted to any stage of education. As for the cultural sciences, they are taught at the primary and secondary levels according to a specific policy which does not contradict Islamic thoughts and rules. In higher education, these cultural sciences are studied like other sciences provided they do not lead to a departure from the stated policy and goal of the education.

Article 169

The Islamic culture must be taught at all levels of education. In higher education, departments should be assigned to the various Islamic disciplines as will be done with medicine, engineering, physics etc.

Article 170

Arts and crafts may be related to science, such as commerce, navigation and agriculture. In such cases, they are studied without restriction or conditions. Sometimes, however, arts and crafts are connected to culture and influenced by a particular viewpoint of life, such as painting and sculpting. If this viewpoint of life contradicts the Islamic viewpoint of life, these arts and crafts are not taken.

Article 172

The state's curriculum is only one, and no curriculum other than that of the state is allowed to be taught. Private schools, provided they are not foreign, are allowed as long as they adopt the state's curriculum and establish themselves on the State's educational policy and accomplish the goal of education set by the State. Teaching in such schools should not be mixed between males and females, whether the students or the teachers; and they should not be specific for certain deen, madhab, race or colour.

Article 173

It is an obligation upon the State to teach every individual, male or female, those things which are necessary for the mainstream of life. This should be obligatory and provided freely in the primary and secondary levels of education. The State should, to the best of its ability, provide the opportunity for everyone to continue higher education free of charge.

Article 174

The State ought to provide the means of developing knowledge, such as libraries and laboratories, in addition to schools and universities, to enable those who want to continue their research in the various fields of knowledge, like fiqh, Hadith and tafseer of Qur'an, thought, medicine, engineering and chemistry, inventions and discoveries etc. This is done to create an abundance of mujtahideen, outstanding scientists and inventors.

Article 175

The exploitation of writing for educational purposes, such as copyrighting, at whatever level is strictly forbidden. Once a book has been printed and published, nobody has the right to reserve the publishing and printing rights, including the author. However, if the book has not been printed and published, and thus is still an

idea, the owner has the right to take payment for transferring these ideas to the public, the same way he can take payment for teaching them.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Article 176

Politics is taking care of the nation's affairs inside and outside the State. It is performed by the State and the nation. The State practices it and the nation questions that practice.

Article 177

It is absolutely forbidden for any individual, party, group or association to have relations with a foreign state. Relations with foreign countries are restricted only to the State, because the State has the sole right to practice taking care of the ummah affairs. The ummah is to question the State in connection with this task of caring.

Article 178

Ends do not justify the means, because the method is integral to the thought. Thus, the duty (wajib) and the permitted (mubah) cannot be attained by performing a forbidden action (haram). Political means must not contradict the political methods.

Article 179

Political maneuvres please check spelling are necessary in foreign policy, and the effectiveness of these maneuvers is dependent on concealing (your) aims and disclosing (your) acts.

Article 180

Some of the most important political means are disclosing the crimes of other states, demonstrating the danger of erroneous politics, exposing harmful conspiracies and destroying misleading personalities.

Article 181

One of the most important political methods is the manifestation of the greatness of the Islamic thoughts in taking care of the affairs of individuals, nations and states.

Article 182

The political cause of the Ummah is Islam, in the might of the State, the improvement of the implementation of its rules, and continuity in its call (da’wah) to mankind.

Article 183

Conveying the Islamic da’wah is the core around which the foreign policy revolves, and upon which relations between the State and other states are built.

Article 184

The state's relations with other states are built upon four considerations. These are:

1. States in the current Islamic world are considered to belong to one state and, therefore, they are not included within the sphere of foreign affairs. Relations with these countries are not considered to be in the realm of foreign policy and every effort should be expended to unify all these countries into one state.

2. States who have economic, commercial, friendly or cultural treaties with our State are to be treated according to the terms of the treaties. If the treaty states so, their subjects have the right to enter the State with an identity card without the need for a passport provided our subjects are treated in a like manner. The economic and commercial relations with such states must be restricted to specific items and specific characters which are deemed necessary and which, at the same time, do not lead to the strengthening of these states.

3. States with whom we do not have treaties, the actual imperialist states, like Britain, America and France and those states that have designs on the State, like Russia are considered to be potentially belligerent states. All precautions must be taken towards them and it would be wrong to establish diplomatic relations with them. Their subjects may enter the Islamic State only with a passport and a visa specific to every individual and for every visit, unless it became a real belligerent country

4. With states that are actually belligerent states, like Israel, a state of war must be taken as the basis for all dispositions with them. They must be dealt with as if a real war existed between us - whether an armistice exists or not - and all their subjects are prevented from entering the State.

Article 185

All military treaties and pacts, of whatever source, are absolutely forbidden. This includes political treaties and agreements covering the leasing of military bases and airfields. It is permitted to conclude good-neighbouring, economic, commercial, financial, cultural and armistice treaties.

Article 186

The State is forbidden to belong to any organisation which is based on something other than Islam or which applies non-Islamic rules. This includes international organisations like the United Nations, the International Court of Justice, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and regional organisations like the Arab League.

14k Aa¨vq

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(Avj AvLjvK wdj Bmjvg)

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†h mKj ¸Yvejx AwR©Z n‡j ‡Kvb e¨w³‡K DËg ˆbwZKZv m¤úbœ Ges †hmKj ¸Yvejxi Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³‡K g›` ˆbwZKZv m¤úbœ e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq ‡m ¸‡jv kixqvn‡Z wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z DËg ˆbwZKZv AR©b †K DrmvwnZ Ges g›` ˆbwZKZv AR©b‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b mZ¨evw`Zv, mZZv, cÖdzj­Zv, webq, gvZv-wcZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b, AvZ¥xq‡`i (wmjvZ Di ing) gv‡S mym¤úK© eRvq ivLv, gvbyl‡K †K¬k †_‡K D×vi Kiv, wb‡Ri Rb¨ hv Pvq A‡b¨i Rb¨I Zv PvIqv BZ¨w` welq¸‡jv‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv GKRb gymwjg Avj­vni Av‡`k wnmv‡e cvjb Ki‡e| GKB mv‡_ Gi wecixZ ag©x PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx AR©b †K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q; †hgb wg_¨vPvi, AmvayZv (cÖZviYv), Cl©vcivqYZv, PvwiwÎK öjb BZ¨vw`| hv GKRb gymwjg Avj­vni wb‡la wnmv‡e cvjb †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| ˆbwZKZv kixqvnÕi Ask Ges Av‡`k I wb‡l‡ai kvLv cÖkvLv we‡kl hv GKRb gymwj‡gi AR©b Kiv DwPr hv‡Z Avj­vni Av‡`k cvjb I mvgwMÖKfv‡e Bmjvg MÖnY m¤ú~Y© nq| Aek¨ mgv‡R Bmjvgx Av‡eM I wPš—vi cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g ‡MvUv mgvR GwU AR©b K‡i| hLb ‡Kvb m¤cÖ`vq GwU AR©b K‡i ZLb e¨w³ we‡k‡li Zv AR©b Awbevh© n‡q D‡V| Aek¨B ˆbwZKZvi cÖwZ Avnevb GwU AR©‡bi c_ bq| eis Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ c‡_B GwU AwR©Z nq Avi Zv n‡”Q Bmjvgx Av‡eM I wPš—v cÖwZôv Kiv| G cÖwµqvi m~Pbvq cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡g AwawôZ _vKv GKwU `j‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb ‡hLv‡b e¨w³iv wew”Qbœ bq eis `jwUi Ask wnmv‡e mgv‡R Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn enb Ki‡e Ges  Gfv‡e Bmjvgx Av‡eM I wPš—vavivi ev¯—eiƒc †`‡e| AwaK msL¨K `‡ji Bmjvg MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva MÖnY wbwðZ K‡i| GLv‡b GKwU welq ¯úó nIqv `iKvi †h, Avgv‡`i `„wóf½x n‡”Q ˆbwZKZv kZ©nxb fv‡e Avj­vni Av‡`k gvbv I Bmjvg ev¯—evq‡bi mv‡_ mshy³| Ges GwU gymwjg‡`i DËg ˆbwZKZv AR©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wbwðZ K‡i|

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Avj­vn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv myiv jyKgvb G e‡j‡Qb,

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wZwb myiv dziKv‡b e‡j‡Qb,

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wZwb myiv Avj Bmiv (myiv ebx BmivBj) G e‡j‡Qb,

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